190 THE I'RIKfHM.I.S Ol HANM)l,l\f; WOODLANDS 



linproveinent cuttings may he classed in the follow- 

 ing gnjups: 



1. Cleanings. 



2. I .iheration cuttings. 



3. Thinnings. 



4. Damage cuttings. 



Cleanings 



This term is applietl to cuttings m \oung, even-aged 

 stands which remo\-e the undesirable trees likeh' to 

 overtop and injure those of greater promise. In nearh 

 ever\' \'oung stand there are a certain number of indi- 

 viduals of p(}or species or of poor form which grow taller 

 than the surroLinding trees; anci if these are allowed 

 to stand, the\ will interfere with or actLialh' kill trees of 

 prospective \'akie. These undesirable trees are removed 

 h\ the cleanings while the stand is still \'er\' young, and 

 before the\ ha\'e done an\ appreciable damage. The 

 small openings made h\ their remo\'al are quickK' closed 

 together. 



The material which most commonh' requires atten- 

 tion IS ad\'ance growth of poor species or of poor form. 

 A tree from ? to 10 \ears older than the main stand 

 ma\' develop an open-grown form, oxertop and injure 

 the surrounding trees of good form, occLip\' a proportion- 

 ately large space where a number of much better trees 

 might be growing, and itself prodiice knott\ , inferior 

 wood. Often this advance growth is composed of infe- 

 rior species. If, hovexer, a stand is jioorlv stocked, and 



