98 COMMON CANADIAN WILD PLANTS. 



coarsely serrate leaves, the lower surface soft-downy. Cymes 

 small. Fruit oblong, dark-purple. — Rocky places. 



4. V. aeeFifo'lium,L. (Maplb-lbavbd A. Dockmackie.) 

 A shrub 3-6 feet high, with greenish bark. Leaves 3-lobed, 

 3-ribbed, soft-downy beneath. Stipular appendages bristle- 

 shaped. Cymes small, on long peduncles. Fruit red, be- 

 coming black. — Thickets and river- banks. 



5. V. Op'ulus, L. (Cranbbrry-tebb.) An upright shrub, 

 5-10 feet high, with strongly 3-lobed leaves, broader than 

 long, the lobes spreading and pointed. Cymes peduncled.' 

 Marginal flowers of the cyme very large and neutral. 

 Stipular appendages conspicuous. Fruit red, pleasantly 

 acid. — Low grounds. 



6. V. paueiflo'rum, Pylaie. A low shrub. Leaves 5- 

 ribbed at the base, serrate, with 3 short lobes at the summit. 

 Cyme few-flowered. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Fruit 

 red, sour, with a very flat stoiie. — Cold woods, Atl. Prov. 

 chiefly. 



7. V. lantanoi'des, Michx. (Hobblb-bush.) A straggling 

 shrub with reclining branches. Leaves large, round-ovate, 

 heart-shaped at the base, serrate, many-veined, the veins 

 underneath and the stalks and branchlets very rusty -scurfy. 

 Stipular appendages conspicuous. Cymes sessile, very broad 

 and flat, with very conspicuous neutral flowers on the margin. 

 — Moist woods. 



Order XLVII. RUBIA'CE^. (Madder Family.) 



Herbs or shrubs; chiefly distinguished from the preceding 

 Order by the presence of stipules between the opposite 

 entire leaves, or by the leaves being in whorls without 

 stipules. Calyx superior. Stamens alternate with the 

 (mostly 4) lobes of the corolla, and inserted on its tube. 

 Ovary 2-4-celled. 



