BETULACE^. 207 



3. FAGDS, Tourn. Beech. 

 F. ferrugin'ea, Ait. (Ambricait Beboh.) A very com- 

 mon tree in rich woods, the branches horizontal. Leaves 

 oblong-ovate, taper - pointed, toothed, the very straight 

 veins terminating in the teeth. 



4. COB'ITLIIS, Tourn. Hazel-nut. Filbekt. 



1. C. Ameriea'na, Walt. (Wild Hazel-nut.) Leaves, 

 roundish heart-shaped. Involucre spreading out above, leaf- 

 like and cut-toothed. — Chiefly in south-western Ontario j in 

 thickets. 



2. C. rostra'ta, Ait. (Beaked Hazel-nut. I A rather 

 common shrub, easily distinguished from No. 1 by the invo- 

 lucre, which is prolonged into a narrow tube Tnueh beyond the 

 nut, and is densely bristly-hairy. 



5. OS'TRTA, Mlcheli. Hop-Hoenbeam. Ieonwood. 

 0. Virgln'iea, Willd. (Iron-wood.) A slender tree with 

 brownish furrowed bark. Leaves oblong - ovate, taper- 

 pointed, sharply doubly serrate. Fertile catkin like a hop 

 in appearance. Wood very hard and close. — Eich woods. 



6. CARPI'NIIS, L. Hornbeam. 

 C. Ameriea'na, Michx. (Blue or Water Beech.) Small 

 trees with furrowed trunks and close smooth gray bark . 

 Leaves ovate -oblong, pointed, doubly serrate. — Along 

 streams. Resembling a beech in general aspect, but with 

 inflorescenoe like that of Iron- wood. 



Order LXXXIX. BETULA.'CE.S;. (Birch Family.) 



Trees or shrubs with monceoious flowers, both sorts in 

 catkins, 2 or 3 flowers under each scale or bract of the catkin. 

 Ovary 2-celled and 2-ovuled, but in fruit only 1-celled and 

 1-seeded. Fruit a small nut. Stigmas 2, long and slender. 

 Twigs and leaves often aromatic. 



Syuopgis of the Genera. 

 1. Bet'ula. Sterilecatkinsloneandpendalou3,tonneddurin.!;summer 

 and expanding the following spring ; each flower consisting of 



