CONIFERS. 215 



StTBORDER U. COPRESSIN'E^. (Cypbbss F.) 



Fertile flowers of only a few scales, these not in the axils 



of bracts, forming in fruit either a very small loose and dry 



cone, or a sort of false berry owing to the thickening of the 



scales. 



* Flowers moncecious. Fruit a small loose cone. 



6. Tbuja. Leaves some awl-shaped, others scale-like, closely imbri- 



cated on the^ai branches. Catkins ovoid, terminal. 

 * * Flowers mostly dicecious. Fruit berry-lilce, black with a bloom. 



7. Jiinlp'erus. Leaves awl-shaped or scale-like, sometimes of both 



shapes, ev*».rgreen, prickly-pointed, glaucous-white on the upper 

 surface, and In whorls of 3, or opposite. 



SuBORDBB, in. TAXIN'E.5;. (Yew Family.) 

 Fertile flower solitary, consisting of a naked ovule sur- 

 rounded by a disk which becomes pulpy and berry-like in 

 fruit, enclosing the nut-like seed. Berry red. 



8. Taxns. Flowers chiefly dioecious. Leaves evergreen, mucronate, 



rigid, scattered- — A low straggling bush, usually in the shade of 

 other evergreens. 



1. Pisms, Toum. Pine. 



1. P. reslno'sa, Ait. (Red Pine.) Leaves in twos, slen- 

 der. Bark rather smooth, reddish. — Common northward. 



2. P. Banksia'na, Lambert. (Gray or Northern Scrub 

 Pine.) Leaves in twos, about 1 inch long. Cones conical, 

 usually curved, smooth and hard, about one and one-half 

 inches long. — Barren soil, eastward and northward. 



3. P. rig'ida. Mill. (Pitch Pine.) Leaves in threes. 

 Scales of the cones tipped with a short stout recurved prickle. 

 — Atl. Prov. 



4. P. Stro'bUS, L. ("White Pine.) Leaves in fives, slender. 

 Bark smooth except on old trees, not reddish. — Common. 



a. PI'CEA, Link. Spruce. 



1. P. nigra. Link. {Ahies nigra, Poir.) (Black Spruce.) 

 Leaves needle-shaped and 4^sided, pointing in all directions. 

 Cones hanging, persistent, scales with thin edges. — Swamps 

 and cold woods. 



2. P. alba, Link. {Abies alba, Michx.) ("White Spruce.) 



