44 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
notably the Falklands, Ker- 
guelen, and Tristan d’Acunha. 
In size penguins vary greatly. 
The largest is the EMPEROR- 
PENGUIN of the Antarctic seas ; 
scarcely smaller is the KING- 
PENGUIN of Kerguelen Island. 
The emperor-penguin stands 
some 34 feet high, and may 
weigh as muchas 78 lbs. The 
GENTLE PENGUIN, or“ Johnny” 
of the sailors, is next in size, 
being but little smaller than 
the king-penguin; this species 
inhabits Kerguelen Island and 
the Falklands. The CRESTED 
PENGUINS, or ROCK-HOPPERS, 
of which there are several 
species, are muchsmaller; they 
wpe tard occur in the Falkland Islands, 
KING_-PENGUIN New Zealand, and the Antarc- 
tic. The South African form 
is known as the BLACK-FOOTED 
PENGUIN. Its nearest allies are HUMBOLDT’S PENGUIN of Western South America, and the 
JACKASS-PENGUIN of the Falklands. The smallest of all is the little BLUE PENGUIN of South 
Australia and New Zealand, standing only 17 inches high. 
This is one of the largest of the Penguins 
THE TUBE-NOSED BIRDS 
UNTIL recently these birds were believed to be closely related to the Gulls, but it is 
now generally agreed that they are really distant relatives of the Divers and Penguins. The 
association with the Gulls was pardonable, for they certainly bear a superficial resemblance 
to them. The birds now under discussion may be readily distinguished from the Gulls by the 
fact that the nostrils open into a tube on the top of the beak, or a pair of tubes, one on 
either side—hence the name of the group. Like the Gulls, they are sea-birds and web-footed. 
Their young are downy and for a time helpless. One egg is laid, which is white, and in some 
cases spotted with red at the large end. As a rule no nest is made, but the egg laid on the 
bare ground, in a hole or burrow or in crevices of rocks. The Albatrosses build a nest of 
earth, tufts of grass, and moss, the whole structure raising the sitting-bird well above the 
ground. The Giant and Fulmar Petrels also build nests. The albatross is said by Professor 
Moseley to hold the egg in a pouch while sitting, as in the case of the king-penguin. The 
nature of this pouch has never been described. 
Although occurring in the seas of all parts of the world, the Southern Hemisphere must 
be regarded as their headquarters, since here the greatest number of species are found. All are 
carnivorous, and — with the exception of one small group, the Diving-petrels of the Strait of 
Magellan — are birds of powerful flight. A large number of species belong to this group, but 
an enumeration of all would be wearisome. <A few of the more striking have, therefore, been 
selected for description. 
THE ALBATROSSES 
It was an albatross which brought such woe upon the ancient mariner whose pitiful story 
is so feelingly told by Coleridge. But the tables are occasionally turned, for men falling 
overboard in southern seas are liable to be attacked by these powerful giants. The albatross 
is mostly renowned for its majestic flight. Mr. Froude has given us a wonderful description 
