THE. COD PAMILY 245 
seaweed and their other surroundings. The parent fish, too, vary somewhat in appearance, 
those round the English coast as a rule having brown backs with irregular spotty markings 
on the sides, while those from more northern waters usually have darker backs and are less 
often spotted. Cod are most enormous feeders, and in consequence grow very rapidly. At 
the Southport Aquarium codling of only } lb. increased in weight to 6 or 7 Ibs. in about 
sixteen months. 
So voracious is the cod that it is very apt to swallow anything it sees moving, without 
considering whether it is wholesome. In 1879 a black guillemot in perfect condition was 
removed from the stomach of one of these fish; while among other strange finds by cod- 
fishermen from the same receptacle was a piece of tallow candle 7 inches long, a hare, a 
partridge, a white turnip, and, going back to the year 1626, a ‘‘ work in three treatises,” which 
was found in the stomach of a fish captured in Lynn Deeps on midsummer eve, and brought to 
the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge. The usual food of cod is, however, small fish of various kinds— 
herrings, pilchards, sprats, crabs, and sea-worms; but the species is not particular what it seizes 
when shoaling before the spawning-season and food is scarce owing to the number of mouths. 
CHAPTER IX 
CAVE-FISHES, SAND-EELS AND THEIR ALLIES, AND FLAT-FISHES 
BY W.P. PYCRAFT, A.L.S., F.Z.S. 
HE subterranean fresh-water caves of Cuba furnish the most interesting and most 
remarkable members of the family in certain small fishes known as CAVE-FISHES. 
Living in complete darkness, the eyes have degenerated so as to be no longer useful 
as organs of sight; indeed, in many species they are entirely wanting. By way of compensation 
delicate organs of touch have been developed, taking the form, in different species, of barbels, 
hair-like processes, or tubercles. These blind fishes are closely allied to certain marine forms 
found in the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and it is curious to note that amongst these 
about seven very rare species are found at great depths in the southern oceans, so great that 
light fails to reach them, and they too are blind. 
The SAND-EELS, or LAUNCES, are extremely common on the sandy shores of Europe and 
North America, living in vast shoals, and displaying a wonderful unison in their movements, 
rising and falling as with one accord. They burrow in the sand with amazing rapidity, forcing 
Phote by HW’. Saville-Kent, F.Z.S.] [Milford-on-Sea 
SPOTTED SOLE 
A larger and coarser fish than the common sole 
