SCALE-WINGED INSECTS 317 
caterpillar is reddish, and feeds on primroses. It is not 
a very abundant species in England. 
The third family is represented in Britain by three 
very distinct sections of rather small butterflies, the 
largest of which scarcely measures more than an inch and 
a half across the wings. These are the HAIR-STREAKS 
(brown, with light lines on the under surface of the 
wings, and a short tail on the hind wings, except in 
the GREEN HAIR-STREAK, so named from the green under 
surface of the wings); the small BLUE BUTTERFLIES, which 
generally have brown females; and the CopprERs, the only common 
species of which measures about an inch across the wings. The 
fore wings are bright coppery red, with dark brown spots and borders, 
and the hind wings are dark brown, . 
Photo by HW’. Saville-Kent, 
with a coppery red border, spotted F.Z.8., Milford-on-Sea 
outside with black. The small NEW GUINEA 
: GOLDEN 
copper butterfly and some BUTTERFLY 
| iy Ly of the blues are 
A remarkableandrecently 
common in meadows discovered swallow- 
and gardens. eon 
Many of the members of 
the fourth family are of a 
white or yellow colour, 
among which are 
the destructive 
WHITE 
CAB- 
BAGE-BUTTER- 
BET CHS,. SE Ree 
species of which are 
very common in England, 
where they may be seen in 
every garden throughout the 
summer. The photograph on page 716 
represents one of these at rest. <A prettier 
species is the ORANGE-TIP, which is common 
in spring. The underside of the hind wings is 
mottled with green; and there is a bright orange 
spot before the tip of the fore wing, both above and below. Photo by We SazillecKent F.ZS8., 
Some of the South American butterflies of this family much LherRanan our peeerue 
resemble the Long-winged Butterflies of the same country. Poise Pun pian 
The family of the SWALLOW-TAILED BUTTERFLIES includes 
a considerable number of large and handsome species, but they are not numerous in Europe, 
and only one black-and-yellow species, measuring 3 inches across the wings, is found in 
England, where it is now almost confined to the fens of the south-eastern counties; its 
green caterpillar, with transverse black bands spotted with orange, feeds on carrot, fennel, 
and other similar plants. All the caterpillars of this family are remarkable for possessing a 
retractile fork on the neck; but the butterflies do not all possess the long appendage to the 
hind wings which has given some of them the name of Swallow-tails. Thus it is wanting in 
most of the great BIRD-WINGED BUTTERFLIES of the Eastern Islands, one of which, the CR&sus 
BUTTERFLY, is represented in the Coloured Plate. The great difference between the sexes is 
21 
Se 
