322 THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD 
of the same family, called YELLOW 
UNDERWINGS, measuring nearly 2 
inches across the wings, and likely to 
be flushed in strawberry-beds or hay- 
fields. They have brown fore wings, 
and bright yellow hind wings, with a 
black border. The RED-UNDERWING 
MorH is about 3 inches in expanse, 
and has greyish-brown fore wings, and 
red hind wings, with a black cen- 
tral band; it is often seen flying 
about willow-trees in the afternoon, 
or resting on tree-trunks, when the 
bright-coloured hind wings are quite 
concealed. 
The LOOPER-MOTHS are those 
produced from caterpillars which have 
4 Ky only ten legs instead of sixteen, as 
Mae 2 Moen impene already explained. Most have slender 
bodies of moderate length, and broad 
and rather brightly coloured wings, 
green, russet-brown, yellow, etc. 
Some, measuring about an inch in 
expanse, are called CARPET-MOTHS, 
from the zigzag patterns on the fore 
wings, which are generally black and 
white, or brown and white, and 
sometimes green. The YELLOW- 
SHELL, a yellow moth, with some zig- 
zag brown and whitish lines across the 
wings, which expand about an inch, 
is common in hedges and bushes. 
The white, black-and-yellow-spotted 
GOOSEBERRY-MOTH, or MAGPIE- 
MOTH, so common in gardens, is also 
one of the Loopers. 
Among the smaller mouths are the 
PEARL-MOTHS, with long — slender 
bodies, wings longer than broad, and 
often with a pearly lustre, one or two 
species of which are common among 
nettles. We may also mention the 
SNOUT-MOTH, a brown slender-bodied 
moth, with a pointed beak projecting 
in front of the head, likewisea common 
insect among nettles. The Grass- 
MOTHS are small moths, with narrow 
whitish fore wings, and broad brownish 
CYPRESS-MOTHS AT REST hind wings, which they wrap round 
COCOONS OF CYPRESS-MOTH 
These yield silk 
Photo by C, N. Mavroyeni] [Smyrna 
In the month of Fuly they start weaving their cocoons, in which they remain for their bodies when at rest. They are 
seventeen days. A couple of weeks after their eggs are hatched, and the ¥ ee fi : % 
young caterpillars run up the tree, and feed from she end of common in every field and meadow. 
August, during autumn, winter, and spring The BELL-MOTHS have broadtruncated 
