CHAPTER I. 
SIGNS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE. 
An Arosty AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
f-HATEVER may be one’s opinion upon the great question of 
< evolution, even a little observation will demonstrate to every one 
that the Creator of the universe has maintained a marvelous 
unity of design and organism throughout the various orders of 
animal life. While man is “fearfully and wonderfully made,” the same 
wonder is aroused when we see that the several animals, particularly of the 
higher kinds, have substantially the same physiological organs and func- 
tions. He who has made a study of the human body has the material facts 
abqut the horse, ox and other domestic animals. (It would evidently 
involve tiresome and unnecessary repetitions to give the general anatomy 
and physiology of these animals after the treatise which we have set forth 
on those subjects as related to man. The reader will find about all the 
information on these topics that he will have occasion to apply in the domes- 
tic treatment of his animals if he will refer to the introductory pages of the 
appropriate chapters in Part I.) To be sure, the functions vary not a little 
and a few differences in organism exist, but these will be mentioned in the 
course of the following pages as the treatment will most properly demand. 
It is obvious, too, that after the horse has been fully treated, very much 
will have been said that is applicable to other animals, the cow, sheep, 
hog and dog in particular. Hence, the part of this book which is devoted 
to the Horse will not only give all needful information upon the compara- 
tively few disorders of the Ass and Mule, but will be frequently referred to 
in the parts devoted to other animals. 
In giving the Signs of Health and Disease of the Horse, we ask the 
reader to understand that he has before him very much that applies to other 
animals, and can gain the required facts by substituting the name of the one 
which he is studying in the context. 
Sicns or Heattu.—The following are general signs of health: 
Smooth and bright coat, loose skin, medium warmth of all the parts, clear 
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