THE HORSE—THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. OL 
SALIVARY CALCULI. 
These are masses usually composed of phosphate and carbonate of 
lime mingled with animal matter, which form in the glands that pass over 
the margin of the jaw below the ear, or in the glands beneath these, or in 
those which are under the tongue. <A 
grain of oats, barley or wheat may have 
lodged in the duct, and have formed the 
nucleus of a calculus. 
Symptoms.—Enlargement of the ducts 
which lead from the glands, due to accumu- 
lations of saliva which the obstruction pre- 
vents from passing out; matter may form 
and burst out; chewing and swallowing are 
more or less impeded. 
TREATMENT.—A skillfuloperator may 
remove the calculus by surgical means, SEar or SALIVARY CALCULUS AND: 
bring the lips of the cut together, and sew . sera ; . 
a, Salivary Gland. 6, Duct, in which 
and plaster it evenly. If this be poorly Glew! tome 4, a, ef gs Muscles of 
done, salivary fistula (see below) will prob- 
ably ensue. If the calculus forms at the mouth of the duct, the duct may 
be expanded and the obstruction be removed with forceps. In mild cases a 
cure may be effected by pushing the calculus into the mouth by manipula- 
tions along the outside, over the obstructed part of the duct. 
SALIVARY FISTULA. 
This is a tube-like sore which opens into the salivary gland at a point 
where the latter passes over the angle of the jaw. It is caused by some 
obstruction in the gland, or by a wouid, and if neglected is difficult to cure. 
Symptoms.—Discharge of clear, limpid saliva from the sore, especially 
when the animal is chewing; impairment of digestion and. general health. 
TREATMENT.—Keep the head elevated, tying the halter to both sides 
of the stall to prevent rubbing of the sore. Give gruel and soft food, put- 
ting the meals and drinks at long intervals, and allowing no oats, whole: 
grain, or hay. Wash the wound frequently with a solution of one part of 
calendula to ten of water. If the fistula is of recent development, shave 
the edges of the sore, bring the lips evenly together, and apply enough 
layers of collodion to make a fastening sufficiently strong to prevent the 
bursting out of the secretions. Sometimes a blister over the opening is 
advisable. It may be necessary to close the opening with sutures of cat- 
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