THE HORSE—THE ORGANS OF CIRCULATION. 101 
if the membrane of the windpipe be dry, the cough will be dry, and the 
ear, applied to the windpipe, will detect a cooing, deep sound, instead of the 
Moist, rattling sound mentioned under (c). (@) The bronchial cough is at 
first short, dry, hard, and frequent,-but grows moist, muffled, feeble and 
prolonged upon the return of secretion. Arising from dryness and inflam- 
mation of the large bronchial tubes, it produces a cooing sound, audible to 
the ear placed at the root of the windpipe in front of the chest. Should the 
small bronchial tubes be similarly affected, the ear put upon the sides of 
the chest will notice a shrill or dry hissing rattle. When the secretion re- 
turns, a fluid rattle is heard, with decreased or suppressed breathing mur- 
mur, until the cough removes the secretion. (f.) Pulmonary cough, re- 
sulting from inflammation in the substance of the lung, is short, dry, and 
frequent; accompanied by difficult breathing and increased by striking on 
the sides of the thorax. As the disease advances, this cough becomes more 
constrained and painful, or ceases altogether. (g.) Zhe asthmatic or 
broken-wind cough is short, more like a grunt than a cough, and so feeble 
that it cannot be heard at any distance. It is frequently accompanied by a 
wheezing noise in the throat, and by jerking, irregular or double movement 
of the flanks in expelling the breath. (4.) The consumptive cough is 
short and feeble, and may be known by an absence of murmur in circum- 
scribed spots of either lung, with increased bronchial respiration, cavernous 
or foamy rattles. (2.) Zhe pleuritic cough is painful, and hangs in the 
chest from the endeavor of the animal to suppress it. 
Il. Chronic cough is that which continues months or years without 
vitally damaging the general health, and may result from previous disease, 
or may from the first be simple, resulting from nervous derangement. It is 
of three kinds, namely: The hollow, groaning cough; the loud, dry, 
spasmodic cough; the short, feeble, hacking, grunting cough. These are 
here described. (a@.) The hollow cough apparently comes from the inmost 
parts of the body, follows a noise made up of a half-groan and half-cough, 
and comes on morning and night; it probably results from derangement of 
the nerve lining the stomach and lungs, though it often arises from a con- 
solidation of a part of the lung, attended with bronchial respiration in the 
other parts. (4.) The loud, dry, spasmodic cough, increased by eating and 
drinking, seems to depend upon an irritability of the membrane lining the 
larnyx in an animal just brought from the stable, or upon disorder of the 
recurrent nerve. (c.) The short, hacking, grunting cough is similar to 
that of a horse with broken-wind, the breathing however, being even; it 
usually depends upon loss of nervous power, though it may arise from , 
some obstruction of the air-passages by a deposition of lymph. Such a 
cough is likewise heard in rupture of the diaphragm. 
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