114 THE VETERINARY DOCTOR. 
PLEURISY. 
Pleurisy is an inflammation of the serous membrane which lines the 
chest and forms a cavity for the viscera contained therein. Its causes are 
exposure to cold, wet, or any sudden chill; atmospheric influence, pleurisy 
being a frequent accompaniment of influenza; extension of inflammation 
from the substance of the lungs. It may also be a local result of some in- 
ternal fevers. 
Symptoms.—These so nearly resemble those of pneumonia that 
they need careful study. The horse first shows signs of fever, with 
ceughing and much restlessness, after which he remains standing still, and is 
unwilling to move; the flanks are very tender, and are peculiarly tucked 
up; the legs are more nearly erect than in pneumonia, though the head is 
outstretched; pulse from sixty to eighty in extreme cases, and yet very 
A Horse SurreRinG FROM PLEuRISY. 
small and quick; breathing uneven, and from twenty to forty; the breath 
is drawn in quickly and with interruptions, but expelled slowly; the counte- 
nance indicates pain; the animal looks at the sides frequently in a dejected 
manner; pressure between the ribs is followed by a grunt and an attempt 
to bite the attendant; upon turning around the horse gives a grunt, and the 
cough which usually occurs is checked, or cut short; partial sweats and 
twitching of the muscles are not uncommon; extremities variable in tem- 
perature, usually cold as in pneumonia. In unfavorable cases the breathing 
is quickened; the pulse grows more frequent and small; the tongue is 
coated and offensive in odor; along breath is suddenly checked and a grunt 
occurs; inflammation continuing, breathing is more limited; pulse less dis- 
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