THE MWORSE—THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS, 117 
side next to the other horse are not exerted as much as the others and thus 
become weak (the’ horse then becomes a roarer, even without inflamma- 
tion). Tumors and other swellings, mechanical injuries, indeed anything 
that obstructs breathing, may cause the disorder. 
Symptoms.—Generally a harsh or sawing noise in the drawing in of 
the breath when the horse is put on a canter or gallop; in some cases it is 
‘sonorous, in some, whistling; in extreme cases, the noise is heard both in 
taking in and in expelling the breath. The disorder is best determined by 
galloping the horse to produce the sound. Another method is to hold the 
bridle and alarm the horse by a threatened blow with a stick, when the 
breath will be sudden, and accompanied with a grunt or roar if this trouble 
exists. In acute cases the larynx is inflamed. 
TREATMENT.—Give belladonna for recent znflammation of the mem- 
brane of the larynx, and kali bichromicum for zéceration of this membrane. 
Chronic roaring can not be cured, though the cutting out of some of the 
funnel-shaped cartilage on the larynx, the use of a tube in the windpipe, 
and a strap passed around the nose so as to limit the ingress of air, are said 
to have been applied with advantage by an expert. 
SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM.—HICCOUGH. 
This is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, or the muscular 
wall which separates the chest from the abdomen. It is caused by irregu- 
lar nervous influence which results from long work upon an empty stom- 
ach, or quick work without preparatory training. 
Symptoms.—The heart-beats may be heard on either side, and are un- 
naturally loud and quick, though their force is not increased as much as the 
sound; almost imperceptible pulse; heaving of the sides; flanks move little 
or not at all, but are unusually full; hiccough is always present, being a 
sudden contraction of the breathing tnuscles, especially of the diaphragm, 
followed by an equally sudden relaxation, causing a rapid taking of breath, 
whose suddenness and force will be observed. Carefully distinguish this 
from Palpitation of the Heart, and compare the symptoms of the latter. 
TREATMENT.—The disorder generally yields to treatment in a very 
short time.. Give nux vomica every half-hour, or stannum once in one, two, 
or four hours. The horse should not be driven rapidly or a long distance. 
, 
NASAL GLEET. 
We apply this term to any chronic discharge from one or both nos- 
trils, whether it originates in the nasal chambers, in the nasal cavities, in 
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