THE HORSE-~-THE URINARY AND GENERATIVE ORGANS, 137 
animal is heated, or as an attendant of colic and irritation of the neck of 
the bladder. It is most coinmon in males. 
Symptoms.—F requent efforts to urinate, the urine passing in a few 
‘drops or dribbling away with some pain and straining; tenderness of the 
back; the hand passed up the rectum feels the distended bladder, the neck 
being tense and firm, not distended as in stone or gravel. If the bladder is 
not relieved of the urine, it is liable to burst and be followed by inflamma- 
tion of the peritoneum (peritonitis), an issue which is however less common 
in the horse than in the ox and sheep. 
TREATMENT.—The treatment consists in the use of antispasmodics, 
either in the rectum or mouth, chloral hydrate, belladonna, hyoscyamus and 
tobacco being the best. These may be injected into the rectum or given 
internally, or both. If these measures fail to relieve, a suitable catheter 
should be used by skillful hands to draw off the urine. Sometimes the 
spreading of fresh bedding under the horse will promote the flow of urine. 
EVERSION OR FALLING OF THE BLADDER. 
This can occur only in the female, and is the result of severe straining 
during irritation of the bladder. It is most liable to ensue from over- 
distension, difficult parturition, or paralysis. 
Symptoms.—The animal strains violently; between the lips of the 
vulva is seen a red, rounded mass, upon whose surface, near the neck, may 
be seen the mouths of two canals which convey the urine from the bladder, 
and from these mouths the urine escapes in drops. 
TREATMENT.—Return the bladder to its place as follows: Wash the 
protruding mass in warm water, and oil it well; then oil the hands, press 
in the center of the mass, gently pushing it upward. If the neck of the 
bladder is swollen and inflamed, the greater care should be taken to avoid 
injury or rupture in its coats. If great straining continues after this opera- 
tion and threatens a recurrence, a surgeon should apply a truss or other 
mechanical appliance to retain the bladder firmly in its place. 
ALBUMINURIA.—BRIGHT’S DISEASE. 
This consists in an inflammation of the kidneys, attended with shed- 
ding of the coat and finally structural change of the kidneys. It may be 
‘either acute or chronic. The urine may contain albumen as a result of 
inflammatory disorders, and yet Bright’s Disease not be present. The 
latter is always attended with albumen, but all cases of the presence of 
albumen are not Bright’s Disease. 
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