THE HORSE—THE URINARY AND GENERATIVE ORGANS. 145 
INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA. 
Inflammation of the urethra may result from a catarrhal condition of 
the urinary canal; from the administration of cantharides or croton, or (in 
stallions) from frequent copulation. Its symptoms are mattery discharge 
from the canal; frequent, painful and difficult urination; perhaps swelling 
and ulceration. Treat as for gonorrhcea, which was noticed above. 
CONFINED PENIS. 
Inability to protrude this organ may result from internal warts or ab- 
scesses; from swelling of the sheath; from kicks or blows. The urine may 
collect in the folds of the skin and cause swelling and distress, known as foul, 
TREATMENT.—Remove ‘warts by tying ligatures around them and 
leaving them until they fall off. Abscesses should be fomented with warm 
water. If blows or kicks be the cause, give arnica internally and exter- 
nally. In other cases, inject two or three times a day between the penis 
and sheath warm water or hydrastis-lotion. If foul is the cause, treat as di- 
rected under that head in one of the preceding articles. 
PROTRUSION OF THE PENIS. 
Protrusion of the penis, with inability to draw it within the sheath, 
may be due to swelling of the penis after castration, to debility or paralysis 
of the organ, the latter being the more usual cause in old geldings, though 
it may attend any general debility of the system. 
TREATMENT.—If injuries be the cause, give arnica externally and in- 
ternally. For feverish symptoms and inflammation aconite and mercurius 
are needed. For debilitated organ give quinine and nux vomica. Cold 
water injected into the sheath may give relief. 
CASTRATION. 
This is not the place to give the different methods of performing cas- 
tration, as that is left to the operator, as well as the question as to the age 
at which it should take place. But it may be generally remarked that if 
the animal’s head, neck and shoulders are well developed, it may take place 
earlier than under different conditions. Delicate colts should have nourish- 
ing food and outdoor exercise for several days previous to the operation, 
though no preparation is necessary for the healthy sucking colt. If he has 
been weaned, he should not have his usual bulk of food and water for 
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