THE HORSE—THE EXTREMITIES. 161 
ture to twelve of water, should be rubbed in twice a day. In chronic cases, 
use a liniment made on the following formula: 
Liniment of soap, 8 ounces. 
Camphor, 1 drachm. 
Liquor ammonia, I ounce. 
Mix. 
Apply daily with friction until a scurf appears on the parts. 
SPRAIN OF THE KNEE TENDONS. 
When a sprain of any of the back tendons of the knee occurs, the 
fibers being lacerated, a swelling appears on the back part of the leg, which 
is tender on pressure, and at first hot and inflamed, becoming afterward 
hard, and sometimes ossified. The unsteady gait, wavering of the knees, in- 
clination to lie down,and other symptoms will be easily recognized. Such 
sprain obviously makes the horse unfit for substantial service. 
TREATMENT.—Immediately after the accident which causes the 
trouble has occurred, apply a chamois-skin bandage to the swelling and 
keep it wet with cold water. Should effusion of fluid have set in, with in- 
flammation, put on a flannel bandage and bathe over it frequently with 
hot water during the day; at night placing on six or eight folds of lint 
saturated with arnica-lotion (one tablespoonful of tincture to a half-pint of 
water), covering the whole with oil-silk and a bandage. When inflamma- 
tion subsides under this treatment, foment for a half-hour night and morn- 
ing, dry the leg, and rub in a mixture of a half-cunce of rhus and a half- 
pint of water. Give rest and a loose box. At the beginning, put on a 
high-heeled shoe to relieve pressure on the tendons. Further treatment is 
indicated under general Sprains. The sinews may be contracted, render- 
ing a division of the tendons necessary by a surgeon. 
BROKEN KNEE. 
Broken knee is a term applied to an injury imposed by a fall or striking 
the knee against some hard and sharp body, resulting in a bruise, a break of 
the skin, or a division of the tendons or membranous sacs of the joint. 
Symptoms.—The skin may be simply bruised and not broken through, 
when the knee will be hot, swollen and painful. Or there may be a rubbing 
off of the skin, or it may be cut, torn and jagged, the lower tissues being 
injured, the sheath of the tendon also being exposed. Sometimes a fluid 
issues from the wound. 
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