THE OX—THE URINARY AND GENERATIVE ORGANS. 269 
the belly, give belladonna, alone or alternated with bryonia. Insure quiet- 
ness and a mild diet and protect the animal against colds. 
FALL OF THE WOMB. 
This is caused by very difficult calving, or the work of an assistant 
during the same. The womb protrudes from the vagina more or less, be- 
ing of a deep-red appearance. 
TREATMENT.—Treatment should be given at once. Place the hind 
feet a little higher than the fore ones. If the womb has become dry, cold 
or dirty, gently and thoroughly wash it with tepid milk. Wrap the hand 
with a soft cloth soaked in tepid milk and carefully turn the womb back to 
its place, as in turning a glove-finger that has been turned inside out. This 
operation is more safely done by a surgeon, and he may find it necessary to 
use some appliance to prevent further protrusion. If the trouble is caused 
by the cow’s efforts to expel the afterbirth, give pulsatilla and sepia. For 
much straining, secale should be given every three or four hours. 
MISCARRIAGE.—ABORTION. 
This occurs between the fifth and eighth months of pregnancy, chiefly 
in over-fed cows. Ina given district abortion in one cow may be followed 
by the same in others, and one occurrence is likely to lead to another in 
the same cow in about a year. Its chief causes are bad or frozen food, im- 
pure water and air, confinement in dark, unhealthy stables, violent exertion, 
injuries to the belly, and sexual intercourse during pregnancy; the smell 
from a cow that has recently suffered a miscarriage is liable to induce it in 
others that are pregnant. 
Symptoms.—Threatening symptoms are aversion to food, restlessness 
and anxiety, low spirits, lowing, sudden stoppage of milk, offensive mu- 
cous discharge from the vagina, collapse of the belly and stoppage of the 
motions of the calf in the womb. 
TREATMENT.—Arnica, repeated according to the urgency of the case, 
will often avert a miscarriage if used immediately when an injury has been 
sustained during pregnancy. After the symptoms have begun, secale is an 
admirable remedy, as it aids the labor. For chills, give arnica every hour 
until they disappear. If strains or over-exertion threaten miscarriage, 
give rhus instead of arnica. Guard against recurrences. After a mis- 
carriage has begun it is useless to try to check it. To prevent it, avoid the 
causes mentioned above, and the cautions given upon Abortion in mares 
on a preceding page. 
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