THE DOG--INTRODUCTION. 323 
DIVISION OF BREEDS. 
Custom has divided the dogs of the English-speaking countries into 
“sporting and non-sporting classes.” The former comprehends all that are 
used with the gun, hounds, fox-terriers and dachshunde; the latter, watch- 
‘dogs, sheep or cattle dogs, terriers generally, toy dogs, and those which may 
be classed under the general term “miscellaneous.” “Stonehenge,” who is 
recognized as one of the best authorities, divides these sub-classes as fol- 
lows: The dogs used with the gun are setters, pointers, spaniels and retrie- 
vers. The hounds comprise the greyhound which hunts by sight, the blood- 
hound, foxhound, harrier, beagle and otter hound, all of which follow their 
game by scent. Fox-terriers are divided into the rough and smooth varie- 
ties, and the dachshund is identical with the German badger dog. Watch- 
dogs include the mastiff; bulldog; Newfoundland; Labrador and _ lesser 
Newfoundland; the St. Bernard and the Dalmatian or coach dog. The 
last Youatt says is “used in his native country for the chase,” and Stone- 
henge says “without doubt the Dalmatian is a pointer when at home,” but 
owing to the difference in his uses in his native country and elsewhere, 
Stonehenge adds, he “has always been included in our shows among the dogs 
not used in field sports, and for this reason I have classed him among the 
watch-dogs.” The sheep and cattle dogs are the colly, the bob-tailed 
sheep dog, and the Pomeranian or Spitz which Stonehenge asserts is in his 
native country “employed as a sheep dog.” Terriers are classed as rough 
and smooth, though there are also many which are properly described as 
nondescript, because, while possessing some of the attributes of certain 
breeds, they also differ too widely from the best types to be entered with 
them. The rough terriers are the Skye, both drop and prick earcd; the 
Dandie Dinmont; the Bedlington; the Yorkshire and the Irish. The 
smooth varieties are the black and tan, or Manchester, the white English 
and the bull-terrier. The toy dogs, also divided into the rough and 
smooth, are first, the King Charles and Blenheim spaniels, the Maltese dog 
and the rough toy-terrier; second, the pug, the Italian greyhound and the 
smooth toy-terrier. In an appendix Stonehenge mentions the poodles, both 
French and Russian; the truffle dog; the Chinese crested dog and the Great 
Dane, these not being properly dogs of the British Isles. 
USES OF THE DOG. : 
Field sports have existed in Great Britain from the earliest times. They 
have always been the prerogative of the aristocracy and wealthy class and 
have been protected by severe forest and game laws. Of old the keeping 
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