POULTRY AND LARGE BIRDS. 3877 
Keep it in jugs and, for general use, an ounce of it may be put into a gal- 
Jon of drinking-water, smaller quantities in the same proportion. It may 
be so given every alternate day. Two gallons are named on the supposi- 
tion of a large flock, For asmaller one, and for a large one in hot weather, 
a less quantity should be made. 
“Chicken Powders” are also superior as a tonic, and are made of 
equal parts of copperas, cayenne pepper, sulphur and rosin, pounded to- 
gether and well mixed. Give two or three teaspoonfuls four or five times 
a week to each dozen fowls. 
Charcoal purifies the digestive organs by absorbing offensive matters, 
and thus stimulates their action, The flock can be taught to eat it by add- 
ing a little in a powdered form to the soft food, and it will afterward be 
taken as the system demands it if it is kept before the fowls in bits as large 
as grains of corn. When given in the food as a powder, care should be 
taken not to put in tov much, lest the system become clogged with it. 
Sulphur is a valued drug, but it should be used with some caution. It 
has often produced injurious or fatal effects in external applications to 
young chickens, perhaps more often when mixed with lard. It will also do 
harm to the eyes, and even produce blindness, if it gets into them. There 
is danger of its adulteration with sulphuric acid, and when sold in the form 
of powder it should be washed well in hot water, which will remove the 
acid without dissolving the sulphur. When it is applied externally, the 
fowls should be kept out of the wet for a day or two. 
Lime-water is used for several purposes and is prepared by slaking 
four ounces of good lime in a little water, and then adding enough water 
to make a gallon. Let it stand a few hours, pour off the liquid, and save 
the lime for use in making the preparation at another time. Lime-water is 
useful in both health and disease. 
Doses and Administration.—When one is in doubt about the proper 
size of a dose for a fowl, he should ask a druggist or physician what is the 
regular amount for a child. Give to a chicken two weeks old as much 
as is appropriate for a child of six months; to one of six weeks, the 
dose for a child of a year; to one half-grown, that for a two-year-old child; 
to one full-grown, what is needed for a child of three or four years. It 
‘will thus be seen that fowls require large doses for such small animals. 
When medicines are not taken in the food or drink and are to be ad- 
ministered by hand, they are most easily given in solutions. Pills and other 
solids will be swallowed if placed far enough back in the mouth, Such 
manual administration can best be effected by taking the fowl in the lap 
and holding it with the left arm, while the mouth is opened with the left 
hand and the medicine is thrust down with the right. In doing this, the 
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