POULTRY: AND LARGE BIRDS. 385. 
drink, or cayenne pepper, garlic, asafeetida, gentian or onions in the food, 
The Douglass Mixture (see page 874) is among the best of tonics. 
GAPES. 
Chickens, turkeys, ducks and other domestic fowls, as well as many 
species of wild birds, are subject to a disease which is known by the gen- 
eral name “ gapes,” so cilled from the chief and universal symptom. 
Cause.—The cause of this destructive malady is the presence in the 
windpipe of a pale-reddish worm, popularly known as the gape-worm. 
\ 
208. GarE-WorRM Aanp Ecos. 2cgo, GAPE- WORM WHEN THE FEMALE Is LapEN 
witH Ecos. 
fe 
The female is about five-eighths of an inch long, having a diameter of one- 
thirty-fifth of an inch. The male is one-eighth of an inch long, with a 
diameter of one-fiftieth of an inch, and is always attached to the female as a 
short branch, so that the two present the appearance of a single forked worm. 
The head cf the female is much larger than that of the male, and is sup- 
plied with six lips. Of the accompanying illustrations in 208, 1 shows 
the two sexes together, natural size; the upper part of the same highly 
‘Digitized by Microsoft® 
