386 THE VETERINARY DOCTOR. 
magnified is represented in 2. The tail of the female is shown 1n 3, this 
particular one illustrating a marked instance of the general tendency of 
this part to turn up in folds. The tail of the male, terminating in an ex- 
tended cup or sucker, by means of which is effected the union with the 
female, is shown by 4; 5 is one of the eggs, while 6 is the same with the 
embryo far advanced in development. All of these except the first are 
much magnified. 
This worm is very prolific in the generation of its young, and pro- 
duces them by depositing eggs either directly in the windpipe or in the 
food, drink, droppings, soil, or other places from which they can be intro- 
duced into the throat. The cuts in 209 exhibit the gape-worm when the 
female is heavily laden with eggs, which are best seen on the jointed 
branches. The second and fourth are life-size, the first and third being the 
same highly magnified. The eggs will retain their life through much se- 
vere exposure and harsh treatment, and their small size (about 1-250th of 
an inch in their greatest diameter) shields them from notice. Indeed, it is 
believed that even the lice carry them on their bodies to the fowls, and 
this view perhaps sufficiently explains the facts from which some have 
concluded that the gape-worm is one of the forms assumed by the louse. 
The disease occurs oftenest in midsummer, in unthrifty birds, or in those 
which have filthy quarters and unwholesome food and drink. It is most 
common in young birds, though the older ones are not entirely exempt. It 
prevails especially on premises where large flocks are kept. 
Sympitoms.—Constant gaping is the distinctive symptom, and is at- 
tended with difficult breathing, wheezing, coughing, unsuccessful attempts 
to swallow, drooping, and if not arrested, general debility and death. 
Every instance of gaping must not, however, be assumed as a case of real 
gapes, for it may arise from mucus or other obstruction in the throat, or 
from “crop-bound.” The experienced observer will detect the ailment 
by the difference in severity of the symptom. Yet the treatment detailed 
below may be safely followed. 
TREATMENT.—This aims at the removal and destruction of the worms 
in the windpipe. The easiest and most certain treatment consists in putting 
some clear, transparent carbolic acid into a spoon or iron saucer and hold- 
ing it over a lamp until dense white fumes arise, the fowl’s head being held 
in these fumes until it is nearly suffocated. A number can be subjected to 
this treatment at once by putting them into a close box in which the fumes 
are generated, but extreme care will be necessary about continuing it so 
long as to kill them. The fumes of sulphur, similarly applied, are a good 
substitute, as is.also the vapor arising from heated spirits of turpentine or 
creosote. 
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