388 THE VETERINARY DOCTOR. 
as grains of wheat, once a day, may be found sufficient,-either alone or in 
connection with camphor or turpentine in the water or food, ten drops to a 
pint. Powdered alum or sulphur blown down the windpipe will kill the 
worms (and the patient too, if administered too freely or too often), Again, 
by putting the fowls into a box covered with fine muslin and dusting lime 
through it the worms may be destroyed, but caution must be used lest the 
birds be smothered. Even as simple a treatment as crushed corn soaked in 
alum-water or kerosene oil is commended by some. The practice of 
pinching the throat to cause the worms to loose their hold, so they can be 
coughed up, is of doubtful wisdom, but may be tried when the windpipe 
is so full as to threaten suffocation. It may then be found necessary, when 
all other expedients have failed, to dislodge the worms by surgical means. 
Almost any one can perform the required operation by holding the wind- 
pipe firmly, so it can not slip or roll, and then making a short slit with a 
keen blade not far from the throat, afoxg the windpipe, and not across it. 
After removing the worms and anointing the inside with weak carbolic 
acid, turpentine or kerosene oil, sew up only the cut that is made in the out- 
side of the skin, leaving the windpipe to heal of its own accord. 
Preventive Measures.—Remove the sick fowls from the flock to pre- 
vent infection. Burn all that die of the malady, and all worms that are 
found. Soak with kerosene oil, crude petroleum or strong carbolic acid 
the coops, roosts and grounds before admitting weil fowls to them. Rigidly 
avoid all food that has been in the infected place, and burn it. When the 
disease has invaded a flock, add to the drinking-water fluid carbolate, cam- 
phor or lime. Boil the water before giving itif it is suspected of being 
the cause. When the premises are badly infected, raise the young fowls 
indoors, or in any place completely removed from danger. In some cases. 
it may be found that the feed is the sole cause of the disease, and a change 
to corn (crushed if the fowls are too small to swallow it whole) may 
give complete relief, though the precautions for cleaning the apartments 
must still be observed and the water be kept pure. 
COLD.—CATARRH.—_COUGH.— BRONCHITIS. 
All of these are substantially different stages and symptoms of the same 
disorder. Exposure to wet and cold is the general cause. Cough is, in- 
deed, a symptom, not a disease, and is connected with the other three. It 
may, however, attend other diseases, and when its cause is not known the 
articles pertaining to roup and cholera should especially be consulted. 
Bronchitis is but an advanced stage or aggravated form of cold or catarrh. 
The three are marked by more or less discharge from the eyes and nostrils, 
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