122 THE NEW FORESTRY. 



CHAPTER XI. 



RAISING PLANTATIONS BY SOWING 



AND PLANTING. 



Forrest Tree Seeds. — Sources of Supply.— Collecting. — Storage.— Germination. 

 -^-Sowing.— Methods of Sowing. — Planting. — Size and Age of Plants ■ — 

 Nursery Preparation.— The Wrong Way.— The Right Way.— Final Trans- 

 planting. — Notch Planting. — Pit Planting.— Dibber and Trowel Planting. — 

 Tending.— Cost of Planting. — Planting uneven-aged Woods.— Extending 

 Plantations from Thinnings. — Transplanting Large Trees. — Sea-side 

 Planting. 



SECTION I. — FOREST TREE SEEDS. 



FOR the portion of this chapter devoted to sources of supply, 

 collecting,, storing, and germination, etc., we are indebted 

 to the able paper on " Forest Tree Seeds," delivered by 

 Mr. W. H. Massie (of the well-known firm of Messrs. 

 Dickson & Co., seedsmen and nurserymen, Edinburgh), to 

 foresters and gardeners, at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edin- 

 burgh, in 1895. The subject embraced under these headings 

 has not been fully treated hitherto in forestry books, but is sure 

 to assume importance should any comprehensive system of 

 forestry ever be adopted in this country. 



SECTION II. — SOURCES OF SUPPLY. 



" Speaking broadly," says Mr. Massie, " there are few 

 quarters of the globe from which seeds of some species of our 

 forest trees do not come, but it will suit our purpose to glance 

 shortly at. those countries where the forest tree seed trade 

 forms a riot unimportant branch of commerce. Chief among 

 these is Germany. The Germans not only collect tree seeds in 

 large quantities in their own extensive forests, but through the 

 enterprise of. their merchants and their improved methods of 

 cleaning they draw to themselves large supplies in the rough 

 condition from other countries in Europe, such as Austria, 

 Norway and Sweden, etc., and become the distributors to the 

 rest of the world ; so that from Germany almost every variety 

 of forest tree seeds can be had— Hamburg and Erfurt being 



