THE NEW FORESTRY. 13I 



quarter. The tree cannot now be easily planted with its roots 

 in a natural position, and, as a matter of fact, that is not 

 attempted in notch planting, the roots being simply drawn 

 under the sod at a right angle with top in the position they 

 have been trained in the nursery. 



Judging from the vast quantities of young forest trees of 

 this shape that have been turned out in the past, we should say 

 that a very large proportion of English, Scotch and Irish 

 plantations have been furnished with plants prepared in this 

 way. It is a practice solely confined to forestry, as gardeners 

 never practise any other method of planting than that of 

 inserting tap-roots straight down into the soil, and, in the case 

 of trees desired to root near the surface, of spreading the roots 

 regularly out in a circle equally round the stem. Professor 

 Schlich, in his "Manual of Forestry," vol. xi., p. 113, speaking 

 of raising plants for sylvicultural purposes on ,this one-sided 

 plan, says, " the result is that the plants develop a lop-sided 

 root ; " that " it may be easier to put out such plants, but the 

 system is certainly not favourable to the development of the 

 trees grown from them." He had " observed that in many cases 

 trees thirty to forty years old had not yet established a normal 

 root system, and that numerous trees are blown down for, this 

 very reason." This subject has also been referred to long 

 since in the horticultural papers, and more than forty years 

 . ago, Lindley, in his " Theory and Practice of Horticulture," 

 referred to the danger of giving tree roots an unnatural shape, 

 which they are apt to retain during their life, citing the case of 

 certain pines nursed in pots in the nursery, for sale, and which 

 were continually being blown down in plantations because the 

 roots never lost the corkscrew habit which the pots gave them. 

 The subject is an important one, and we allude to it at length 

 here for that reason. 



SECTION X. — THE RIGHT WAY. 



The right way to transplant a young forest tree needs but 

 a short description. Whether in the nursery or in the wood 

 the top and root of the tree should be in the same perpen- 

 dicular line, like Figure 1. Of course, when trees have to be 

 transplanted several times the roots have to be shortened to 

 keep them within convenient bounds for lifting, but that is a 

 necessity of the practice and no advantage. A tree raised 

 from seed in a plantation, and never transplanted, has a 



