THE NEW FORESTRY. 



133 



roots of its own accord as soon as it gets hold of the soil. 

 The most important point is to let the extremities of the roots 

 down deep and straight so long as the collar of the plant is not 

 buried. 



Figure 5 is a portrait of a tree such as 

 Figure 1 becomes after it has reached the 

 age of about five years and been several 

 times transplanted in the right way. Had 

 the tree never been transplanted, the roots 

 in figure 5 would probably have extended to 

 a greater length than the top, but frequent 

 transplanting has kept them short. Unlike 

 Figure 2, however, the roots have grown in 

 a natural position, and in pit planting can 

 be easily inserted in the hole in the right 

 way. 



SECTION XI.- 

 WOODS. 



-FINAL TRANSPLANTING TO THE 

 SETTING OUT THE LINES. 



Fig. s. 

 Transplanted Tree. 



Right Root Form. 



The first work consists in clearing the 

 ground of all rubbish and surface vegetation 

 by cutting or burning. That done, the 

 lines should be set out not more than three 

 feet apart in favourable situations, while 

 two feet is not too close at high and cold 

 elevations. There is no objection to thick 

 planting except the cost of the plants, and 

 the advantages of getting the trees to 

 meet and cover the ground quickly is 

 unquestionable. The greater warmth and 

 shelter afforded, when this stage is reached, is exhibited 

 in the quicker growth and general well-being of the 

 trees. It is understood, of course, that the distance between 

 the plants in the rows is the same as the distance 

 between the rows. The lines should be set out broadside to 

 prevailing and cold winds for the sake of shelter, and not 

 end-on to the wind, and so admitting cold currents between 

 the rows. Some object to straight rows because of their 

 formality, but the formality disappears when the trees meet, 

 particularly in mixed woods, and there is hardly any other 

 method of planting that does not resolve itself into lines in 

 some shape or other. The straight line system is almost uni- 

 versal, both at home and abroad, and is most easily executed. 



