174 THE NEW FORESTRY. 



Provided thus the valuer with his assistants, beginning at 

 one side of the wood, should set out the lot in sections or strips 

 as directed in setting out thinnings in another chapter. The 

 trees and poles should all be marked on the same side with 

 white paint, the trees being numbered in consecutive order and 

 the poles dotted. Some use a scribe only, but paint is better, 

 being easily seen and not so easily tampered with. The trees 

 and , poles should be taken as they come, and those that are 

 to be left need not be marked at all. Any experienced woodman 

 can distinguish the trees from the poles at sight, and the 

 valuer's assistants should mark those that he points out to 

 come down. 



Many of the hard-wood trees in our woods and parks 

 consist of a not , very tall trunk and numerous limbs, all of 

 which should be estimated separately as " timber " down to six 

 inches quarter-girth, the smaller branches and top-wood being 

 reckoned , as cord-wood. The telescope measuring rod may 

 be used to find the height of a tree, and the girth of the trunk 

 may be taken as high up as a man can reach, in order to ascer- 

 tain approximately what the girth half-way up may be ; but 

 for that, and the length and girth of the upper limbs, the valuer 

 has to depend on his judgment and sight. All trees are, 

 generally, measured above the bark, except the oak, in which 

 an allowance at the rate of one inch in twelve of the girth is 

 made. Sometimes the bark is allowed for in larch, but that 

 depends on the agreement between the vendor and the buyer. 

 In the case of the oak the quantity of bark is calculated, in 

 standing timber, at the rate of a ton to every one hundred and 

 sixty to two hundred feet of timber, according to its thickness, 

 and the value is added to that of the timber in the lot. 



In proceeding to work, the valuer first ascertains the height 

 and middle-girth of the trunk, or sections of it, between 

 mam limbs, ( and sets the cubic contents, which he will 

 find in his " Hoppus," down on his slate. Next he counts 

 the number of measureable limbs, notes their length and girth 

 separately, and puts the contents down on the slate beside 

 those of the trunk, prices both separately according to size and 

 quality, adds all up, and, lastly, enters the number of the tree, 

 its kind, the feet, and the total value, in their respective 

 columns, and proceeds to the next tree, carrying the count of 

 poles in the strip along with him, and so on till the lot is 

 finished. Tapering fir trees are easily estimated, as the run off 

 in the taper is regular, but hard-woods should be measured in 

 sections or lengths between main limbs. In all spreading, 



