i qo the new forestry. 



Sycamore, Birch, Alder, Mountain Ash, Poplar, 

 Willow, Lime, Chestnut, Hornbeam, Cherry, Walnut. 

 — We class these together. All of them suffer more or less 

 from insects and diseases, but not to an extent to cause 

 anxiety, and so far as we are aware no complaints of serious 

 injury have been made by foresters in this country when the 

 trees have been planted in suitable situations and tended with 

 ordinary care. The fungus, Nectria cinnabarina, frequently 

 kills young sycamores, and is easily known by the eruption of 

 red, coral-like dots which appear on the dead bark. 



Scotch Fir, Corsican Fir, Cluster Fir, Austrian 

 Fir, Weymouth Pine. — These species are also classed 

 together because, the same diseases and enemies are common 

 to them all. Numerous beetles and other insects attack all the 

 species, but the four most feared, although seldom extensively 

 destructive in this country, are the fir weevil, Hylobius abietis ; 

 the pine beetle, Hylurgus pineperda ; the pine saw-fly, Lophyrus 

 pint; and the pine geometer moth, Fidonia piniaria. The first 

 is about half-an-inch long, dark coloured, with dull yellow 

 bands. It begins its ravages in summer, attacking the young 

 shoots and killing or greatly injuring the trees. The pine 

 beetle is very small, slender and dark. It bores into the young 

 shoots and along the pith, and shoots die and fall off or wither 

 on the tree. The saw-fly devours the leaves in the caterpillar 

 state, denuding the trees copletely in bad cases. We have 

 known it attack the Austrian fir badly where the Scotch fir 

 escaped with little damage. This was on a hillside in North 

 Yorkshire. The geometer moth's ravages are similar to those 

 of the i saw-fly and are much dreaded in Germany. 



Of fungus that attack the Scotch fir and others named, 

 Agaricus melleus and Trainees radiciperda are the worst. 

 We have had no experience of the last, but the first has been 

 very troublesome on the Wortley estate, where it has caused 

 gaps in young plantations. The presence of the fungus is 

 often not detected till a tree in some spot loses colour, and 

 droops and dies. Another and another follows next to the 

 first one, and so on till in the course of a couple of years or so 

 a complete clearing is made in the plantation. Corsican, 

 Scotch, Austrian firs and larch all went with us at the same spots. 

 The fungus attacks the roots and collar of the tree, and if a 

 slice of bark be removed at the collar the fungus will be seen 

 under the bark enveloping the stem in a sheet of white fungi, 

 and in October and November the stools will be found growing 

 at the collar of the affected trees and away from them as well. 



