CHORDATA 

 FfG I6l. 



-St. , ([,_. 



333 



- "■ .ph. 



■ —fi 





s 



n 



-"sVq* 





^\- ft, 



vote, " 



■ B 







2 



5 



} 



Pig. i6i. Diagrams of the girdles and appendages in a typical Vertebrate. A, anterior; B, 

 posterior, ac, acetabulum, articulation of the humerus with its girdle;, e, coracoid; ca., carpals; 

 £.«., centralia; d,c,, distal carpals; d.U, distal tarsals; e/., elbow joint;/, fibula;/«., femuT;/t., fibulare; 

 ec glenoid cavityi articulation of arm with girdle; h, humerus; iU, ilium; in., intermediale; m. 

 ischium; kn., knee joint; ffl.c, metacarpals (i-5); »>.(., metatarsals (i-5); P. pubis; ph., phalanges 

 (1-5); pre, precoracoid; r, radius; ra., radiale; sc, scapula; (, tibia; ta., tarsals; ti., tibiale; u., ulna; 

 uL, ulnare. 



Questions on the figures. — Compare the two appendages throughout and note 

 the corresponding bones. How much is girdle? How much appendage proper? 

 How many carpals? Tarsals? Which are proximal? Which distal? How do 



