400 ZOOLOGY 



Regions of the body: head, neck, trunk, limbs. Record all 



observable facts about : 



Head : beak, mouth, nares, eyes (how many lids ?) , ears. 



Neck : length, natural position, flexibility, etc. 



Trunk: proportions, symmetry, shape, size, etc. 



Wings: arm, forearm, hand. 



Legs : thigh, shank, foot. Where is the heel ? Evidences ? 

 Note further arrangement and number of digits ; form of 

 the claws; covering of the tarso-metatarsus. 

 Covering of the body. Compare the color of all visible parts. 



Select feathers from various parts of the body; study as a 

 type one of the large wing feathers, noting : shaft (quill 

 and rachis), vane (barbs and barbules). 



Compare the other feathers selected with this one. What 

 would you suggest as the prime function of each kind ? 



Arrangement of the feathers. 



On wings: remiges (large), primary (on hand) and 



secondary (on forearm) ; coverts. 



On tail: rectrices, number and arrangement; coverts. 



On body (dip in hot water and pluck): note the pits 



which have borne the feathers; arrangement of these. 



Are they uniformly distributed over the entire body ? 



Sketch the plucked bird, studying more carefully the regions 



already noted. Locate 



Openings: mouth, nares, ears, cloaca. 

 Queries : 



Is there any connection between the closing of the toes 

 and the flexing of the leg ? Has this any use to the ani- 

 mal? 



Which digits are represented? Are they equally devel- 

 oped? 



Which digit is turned backward ? How is this determined ? 



Is there a tongue? Are there teeth? Do the nostrils 

 communicate with the mouth ? 



What do you consider the function of the nictitating mem- 

 brane ? Are the eyes movable ? Do they view the same 

 field? 



Do the two together cover the entire field of view ? 



How much external ear is present ? 



