JUNIPERUS 



Juniperus, Linnaeus, Gen. PI. 311 (1737); Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 7 (1847); Parlatore, in De 

 CandoUe, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 475 (1868); Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PL iii. 427 (1880); Masters, 

 'mjourn. Linn. Soc. {Bot.) xxx. 12 (1893); Hickel, in Bull. Soc. Dend. France, 191 1, p. 31. 



Sabina, Haller, in Ruppius, Fl. Jen. 336 (1745); Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. 387 (1849); Antoine, Cup. 

 Gait. 35 (1857). 



Thuiacarpus} Trautvetter, PL Imag. Flor. Ross. 11, t. 6 (1844). 



Arceuthos, Antoine and Kotschy, in Oestr. Bot. Wodienbl. 1854, p. 249. 



Evergreen shrubs or trees, belonging to the division Cupressineae of the order 

 Coniferae. Bark usually thin, and scaling in longitudinal strips. Leaves on young 

 plants always spreading and acicular ; on adult plants acicular, or appressed and 

 scale-like, different in the sections of the genus, where they are described. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Staminate flowers composed of numerous 

 stamens on a central axis, with ovate or peltate scale-like connectives, each bearing 

 two to six globose pollen-sacs. Pistillate flowers, surrounded at the base by minute 

 scale-like bracts, which persist unchanged under the fruit ; composed of three to 

 eight opposite or ternate pointed scales, bearing either at their base or alternate 

 with them one to two ovules. Fruit a succulent berry-like indehiscent strobile, 

 composed of three to eight fleshy scales united together, covered by a membranous 

 epidermis ; ripening^in the first, second, or rarely in the third year. Seeds, variable 

 in number (one to twelve) and in shape ; usually free, but in one species coalesced. 

 Cotyledons two, or four to six. 



The genus comprises about thirty-five species distributed over the northern 

 hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to Mexico and the West Indies, Azores and 

 Canary Islands, Northern Africa, Abyssinia, and the mountains of East Tropical 

 Africa," Himalayas, China, and Formosa. 



The genus is divided into three sections : — 

 I. Leaves always acicular, spreading in whorls of threes, jointed at the base. Buds 

 distinct, and with scale-like leaves. Flowers axillary, dioecious. 

 § I. OxYCEDRUS, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 9 (1847). 



Leaves always spreading, never appressed, linear, rigid, usually sharp- 

 pointed, convex and green beneath, whitened above with one or two stomatic 

 bands, entire in margin, without glands, not decurrent on the branchlets, which 

 are glabrous and triangular in section. 



Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Staminate flowers, surrounded at 



' Founded on a cultivated specimen of J. communis, L. , var. oblonga, with abnormal fruit. 

 2 Here extending south of the equator into the southern hemisphere. 



1395 



