1404 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



long ago described a remarkable juniper forest in Hungary, between the Danube 

 and the Thiess, north of the Bacser Canal, where on loose sand it forms extensive 

 thickets of bushes, about 6 ft. in height. The juniper is also widely spread in certain 

 regions as undergrowth in the pine forests, as in those of P. sylvestris in the Alps, of 

 P. austriaca in Austria, Bosnia, and Servia, and of P. Peuke in Macedonia. It is 

 very common on all kinds of heath land in northern Germany; and is elsewhere found 

 on sunny rocky mountain slopes, as in the Jura, the Alps, etc. (A. H.) 



The juniper in Norway attains a very much larger size than it ever does in this 

 country, many remarkable trees being mentioned by Schlibeler, Virid. Norv. i. 

 pp. 357-369. The cypress-like form, var. suecica, is not uncommon in a wild state; 

 and he gives excellent illustrations of it, and mentions a tree found by Prof Sexe in 

 the Hardanger Fjord which was 40 ft. high. He figures a tree leaning very much 

 on one side, which has the habit of a stunted spruce, growing near Vossevangen, 

 which was 38 ft. high. Even as far north as Saltdalen (lat. 67^°) it attains very 

 large dimensions. Forstmeister Niewjaar told me that he had sent one from there 

 to the Paris Exhibition in 1878 of great size, and knew of one still living which was 

 eleven metres high and about one metre in girth. Schiibeler figures a tree with a 

 short thick stem 7 ft. i in. in girth, and a spread of branches 26 ft. in diameter, at 

 Hohl, near Christiania, and another with a beautiful straight clean trunk dividing 

 into three stems. 



Such trees as those above mentioned are of great age ; some of which the rings 

 were counted were as follows : — 



(i) 130 years old; longest diameter, 17 in. ; shortest diameter, 14^ in. at the base. 



(2) 114 years old; longest diameter, 14^ in. ; shortest diameter, ii|- in. at the top 



of the log. 



(3) 150 years old; 33 ft. long ; 4 ft. 3 in. in girth at the base, 3 ft. 3 in. at 5 ft., 



2 ft. 8 in. at 10 ft, 2 ft. i in. at 15 ft., i ft. 6 in. at the top, where there 

 were 47 annual rings ; the total height of this tree was 37 to 38 ft, 



(4) 216 years old ; 14 in. in diameter. 



(5) 300 years old ; 12^ in. in diameter. 



Schubeler, Tillcsg til Virid. Norv. 102 (1891) states that Lensmand Lund of 

 Stryn parish, in North Bergenhus district (61" 55' lat.) sent him a sketch of a juniper 

 supposed to be the tallest and thickest in Norway. It grows at an elevation of 

 1200 to 1500 ft., and is 45 ft. high, with the trunk 6 ft. 3 in. in girth, and the crown 

 g^ ft. in diameter. It is supposed to be 195 years old. 



In the Swedish forestry journal, Skogsvardsfor. Tidskrift, 191 1, p. 132, fig. i, a 

 photograph is reproduced of a remarkable fastigiate juniper, growing in the parish of 

 Tyrserum, south of Linkoping in Sweden, which is 37 feet high. 



Wittmack,^ quoting from the Tdgl. Rundschau, says that a juniper, one of the 

 oldest trees in the world, grew in Kokenberg parish in Livland. It was so large 

 that two men were unable to span it near the base. The stem when cut down was 

 deposited in the Riga Museum, and is said to have shown 2000 annual rings. 



1 Gartenflora, xxxvi. 139 (1887). Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 263 (1887) quotes the same account-except that the 

 name of the parish is given as Ermas — from Oesterr. Forstzeitung, 1885, p. 137. 



