Juniperus 141 1 



3. Var. brachyphylla^ Loret, in Billot, Annot. Fl. France et Allemagne, 

 282 (1855). 



Juniperus heterocarpa, Timbal, ex Loret et Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier, ii. 6io (1876). 

 Leaves short, almost obtuse at the apex. Fruit large, pinkish, glaucous. 

 Found on limestone rocks at Saint B6at in Haute Garonne. 



4. Var. maderensis, Menezes, in Bull. Acad. Internal. Gdog. Bot. xvii. Nos. 227- 

 228, p. xii (1908). 



Leaves very slender, ^ to f in. long, ^^ in. broad, rounded or acute and not 

 mucronate at the apex. Fruit similar to the type in shape and size, brown with 

 a glaucous tinge. 



This is very rare, growing wild in Madeira at elevations of over 1 500 feet, on 

 the Serra do Faial, and on rocky slopes near Curral das Freiras. Menezes says 

 that it is cultivated in the villages of Monte Camacho and Santo Antonio da Serra. 

 Dr. Michael Grabham, from whom I obtained specimens,^ says that it is an elegant 

 small tree with pendulous branches, 20 to 30 ft. in height, and with a stem 15 in. in 

 diameter. It is very distinct in appearance from /. Cedrus ; and appears to be 

 closely allied to a form of J. Oxycedrus, occurring in Portugal, of which I received a 

 fruiting branch from Mr. H. Clinton-Baker. The latter has short and rather broad 

 leaves. 



Distribution 



This species ^ is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean region, 

 extending eastwards through Syria, western Asia Minor, the south coast of the 

 Crimea, and the Caucasus to Armenia and the Elburz Mountains in northern Persia. 

 It is very common in the shrub-covered waste called maquis, which is characteristic 

 of much of the region where it is prevalent ; and appears to be indifferent to the 

 chemical nature of the soil, as it grows on limestone, sand, and other formations ; 

 but it thrives in warm arid soils, where larger trees do not succeed. 



In Algeria and Tunis, it forms undergrowth in the forests of Aleppo pine and 

 cedar, ascending to 5000 ft. on Teniet-el-Haad. It is widely spread throughout 

 Spain, extending to Traz os Montes in Portugal, and ascends in the woods of Pinus 

 sylvestris on the Sierra Nevada to 6600 feet. It occurs throughout Italy, Sicily, and 

 Sardinia, and is not uncommon in the mountains of Corsica. On the eastern coast 

 of the Adriatic, it is the commonest shrub in Istria and Dalmatia, extending inland 

 to Herzegovina, where in the Dinaric Alps it grows to 3000 ft. elevation, and 

 ascends the Narenta valley to Stolac. Its most northerly point is in Servia, in the 

 western branch of the Morava valley. On the Rhodope Mountains it ascends to 

 3600 feet ; and southwards it is common in Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the 

 yEgean archipelago. (A. H.) 



In France it is common in the departments bordering on the Mediterranean, as 



' This variety is referred toy. macrocarpa, by Loret, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vi. 446 (1859). 

 2 Through Dr. Herbert Watney. 



' The distribution of the species and of J. macrocarpa is difficult to separate, both occurring in the same regions, but 

 apparently occupying different altitudes. See under y. macrocarpa, p. 14 12. 



