Juniperus 141 7 



in 1845. Another at Glasnevin, which bore fruit in 191 1, was obtained some years 

 ago from Messrs. Veitch, who have, however, no longer the plant for sale. 



It has been much confused withy, rigida ; and all the reputed trees ^ ofy. oblonga 

 pendula on the continent are referable to this Japanese species. (A. H.) 



JUNIPERUS DRUPACEA 



Juniperus drupacea, Labillardifere, Icon. PI. Syr. ii. 14, t. 8 ( 1 7 9 1 ) ; Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 



2494 (1838); Lindley, in Gard. Chron. 1854, pp. 387, 455, fig.; Webster, in Gard. 



Chron. xix. 519, fig. 80 (1896); Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. 173 (1900). 

 Arceuthos drupacea, Antoine and Kotschy, in Oester. Bot. Wochblatt. iv. 249 (1854). 



A dioecious tree, attaining about 60 feet in height, usually in cultivation columnar 

 in habit, but in the wild state broadly pyramidal.^ Young branchlets triangular, with 

 three prominent linear ridges and three grooves, due to the decurrent bases of the 

 leaves. Older branchlets, from which the leaves have fallen, terete and smooth, with 

 a brown scaly bark. Buds, one terminal and usually two or three in the axils of the 

 leaves on the branchlet of the first year, about \ inch long, surrounded by minute 

 sharp-pointed lanceolate scales, the outermost of which persist on the apex of the 

 second and third year's branchlets. 



Leaves, all acicular, spreading in whorls of threes, about ^ to f in. long, rjj to ^ 

 in. broad, jointed at the base, decurrent on the branchlet to the next whorl, linear- 

 lanceolate, widest near the base, gradually tapering to the apex, which ends in a sharp 

 cartilaginous point ; lower surface green, convex, with a linear prominent keel ; upper 

 surface concave, with a broad green midrib deeply furrowed near the base, and two 

 white stomatic bands, not extending to the margin, which is entire. 



Staminate flowers, five or six in a head, on a short scaly stalk, arising in the axil 

 of a leaf on the second year's branchlet ; stamens nine to twelve in each flower. 



Fruit ripening in the second year, larger than in any other species, f to i in. in 

 diameter, on a short scaly stalk, ovoid or nearly spherical, brown or bluish with a 

 glaucous bloom, usually composed of nine fleshy scales, in whorls of threes, united 

 together, ovate, thickened and often mucronate at the apex ; enclosing a large globose 

 hard bony stone,^ with three small cells, each containing a minute oblong kernel, one 

 of which is often aborted. 



This remarkable species is a native of the mountains of Asia Minor, Syria, and 

 Greece. It is found throughout the Taurus range in Asia Minor, several localities 

 being mentioned by Boissier,* between Karaman and Ermenek, in the Bulgardagh, 

 and in the Akkerdagh, close to Marasch. It grows at elevations of 1600 to 5600 

 feet, and either forms small pure woods or is scattered amidst the forests of cedar and 



1 Specimens sent by Spath from Berlin, and by Parde from Nancy and Les Barres. 



> Walter Siehe, in Gartenflora, xlvi. 207 (1897), states that this tree in the Cilician Taurus never assumes the narrow 

 columnar form which is so common in cultivation. Young trees in the wild state are pyramidal in habit ; whilst older trees, 

 which are mainly females preserved by the peasants on account of their fruit, have a rounded head of foliage. 



' Antoine and Kotschy, loc. cit. consider the bony stone to arise from the union of the testa of the seeds with the inner 

 part of the three upper scales. * Flora Orientalis, v. 706 (1881). 



