141 8 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



Abies cilicica. Siehe mentions^ enormous trees between Namrun and GuUek in 

 Cilicia, which are over 3 ft. in diameter. It also occurs in Syria, on Mount Cassio, 

 and on the Lebanon and Anti- Lebanon ranges. In Greece it appears to be con- 

 fined to Mount Malevo, in the southern part of the Morea, where, according to 

 Halacsy,^ it forms a small wood at 3700 to 4000 feet altitude. According to Boissier,^ 

 the reported occurrence of this species in Crete is erroneous. 



It is known to the Turks as Andys or Habhel, and is called Duffran by the natives 

 of Syria, who collect and eat the fruits, which have a pleasant though resinous flavour. 



This species is said by Loudon* to have been introduced in 1820, but he 

 acknowledges that he had only seen young plants, and these were probably incorrectly 

 named, as Lindley* in 1854 speaks oi J. drupacea as a new plant. It is generally 

 believed to have been for the first time introduced into western Europe in that year 

 by Kotschy, who collected it in Asia Minor in 1853. 



So far as we know it has never produced fruit in England, where all the trees in 

 cultivation are supposed to be males. It is normally dioecious, but M. AUard ^ states 

 that a tree in his arboretum at Angers, which bore staminate flowers for a long time, 

 ultimately produced fruit, and afterwards remained monoecious. A female plant at 

 Angers has, however, never produced staminate flowers. M. Mottet * states that a 

 small tree at Verrieres, only 6 ft. high, has produced fruit, though no other tree of 

 the same species is near it, and he supposes that it must have been fertilised by the 

 pollen of another species. (A. H.) 



This species usually forms a narrow column and is one of the most beautiful of 

 the junipers, yet is rarely seen in collections. It is perfectly hardy, and, judging 

 from the way it grows at Colesborne, thrives in a limestone soil. The best specimen 

 which I have seen is at Eastnor Castle, where there is a well-shaped tree, 3 1 ft. by 3 J 

 ft. in 1908. This produced staminate flowers in May 1899, of which there are 

 specimens in the British Museum, At Scorrier, in Cornwall, a fine specimen was 

 36 ft. by I ft. 9 in. in 191 1. There are two good trees at Kew about 30 ft. high. 

 Henry saw at Holkham in 191 1 two very narrow columnar trees, about 40 ft. high 

 by 3 ft. in girth. At Brickendon Grange, Hertford, a fine specimen measured 

 36 ft. high in 191 2. Smaller trees occur at Highnam, Tortworth, Chiltley Place 

 near Liphook, Young's nursery at Milford near Godalming, and other places. In 

 Ireland the best specimen that we have seen, a tree about 30 ft. high, is growing at 

 Woodstock, Kilkenny. 



In France it attains a larger size, and at Angers and Montpellier has produced 

 fruit. A tree in M. Allard's arboretum at Angers, nearly 40 ft. high, is figured in 

 Bull. Soc. Dend. France, 1908, p. 109. Another^ at Antibes, about 30 ft. high, has 

 a leaning stem and wide-spreading branches, being very different in habit from the 

 usual form of this species in cultivation. (H. T. E ) 



1 In Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 191 1, p. 305. 



1VT l^^T ^'' ^'''^'' "'■ '^" *'^°'^'- '^^^'^ " ^ specimen in the Cambridge Herbarium collected by Orphanides on 

 Mount Malevo. ^ Flora Orientalis, v. 706 {li&i). 



* Encycl. Trees, 1084 (1842). 6 Card. Chron. 1854, p. 455. 



Cf. Mottet m Jiev. Hort. 1904, p. 356, figs. 147, 148, where a tree is figured in the park of Baron Mallet at Chateau 

 des Cotes, near Versailles, which Elwes found to be 36 ft. high in 1909. 



7 Erroneously labelled/. Oxycedrus, var. macrocarfa. 



