Juniperus 142.5 



nearly all the localities where the typical form occurs, and, like it, is variable in the 

 size, shape, and colour of the berries. 



2. V3.r. Jilicaulis, Carriere, Conif. 51 (1855) and Conif. 52 (1867), 

 Juniperus myosuros, Sdn^clauze, Catalogue, 1854, p. 35. 



A shrub with elongated twisted branches and slender pendulous branchlets. 

 Leaves scale-like, as in the type; but occasional branchlets bear acicular juvenile 

 foliage. The parent plant, which was 3 ft. high in 1867, is said by Carriere to have 

 originated from a seed ofy. phoenicea, which was sown by S6n6clauze in his nursery 

 at Bourg-Argental (Loire), sometime before 1854. Sdndclauze, however, in his 

 Catalogue, 1867, p. 11, calls this plant y. thurif era hybrida myosuros ; and its origin 

 must be considered doubtful. We have seen no specimens. 



J. phosnicea is widely spread throughout the Mediterranean region, occurring 

 in Spain and Portugal, south-eastern France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Sicily, 

 Dalmatia, Greece, Rhodes, Cyprus, Crete, and the Crimea ; but appears to be 

 unknown in Asia Minor. It is also common in Algeria, Morocco, the Canary and 

 Madeira Islands. It usually grows in arid situations on rocky hills, and often forms 

 extensive and impenetrable thickets, as in La Camargue at the mouth of the Rhone. 

 It ascends in the Riviera to 4500 feet. In Algeria^ it is common on the coast, and 

 on the southern slopes of the mountains of the interior, where it is often the only 

 arborescent vegetation, ascending to 6000 feet. 



In the Canary Isles, J. phoenicea was formerly one of the characteristic trees of 

 the coast-region between 600 and 2000 ft. elevation ; but has been much destroyed 

 on account of its use for firewood. Dr. Burchard ^ states that it is still plentiful on 

 the north side of Gomera and Hierro; but is nearly extinct on Grand Canary and 

 Teneriffe, where only a few specimens remain in the south. On Gomera, it is 

 usually seen as a globose bush on the cliffs, but becomes a tree when old. On 

 the west point of Hierro, there are specimens supposed to be 1000 years old. Dr. 

 Burchard^ reproduces photographs of two of these remarkable trees, which have 

 short stems, 4 to 5 ft. in diameter, with enormous crowns, spreading for an immense 

 distance on one side of the trunk, as the result of the continuous influence for 

 centuries of the north-east trade-wind. 



Dr. Grabham tells us that in Madeira, J. phoenicea was formerly widely distri- 

 buted from sea-level to the highest summits of the mountains, but is now nearly 

 extinct. The wood of this species is still to be seen in enormous beams and slabs in 

 old buildings, and its fragrant roots of great size are often found underground. 



According to Aiton, J. phoenicea was first cultivated in Britain in 1683 by 

 James Sutherland, curator of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. It usually forms a 

 pyramidal shrub or low tree, dense in habit ; but is now rare in cultivation in this 

 country. There are specimens at Highnam, Bicton, and Rostrevor. These bear 

 small globose orange- coloured fruits. 



It loves a warm climate, and is scarcely hardy in Germany ; but a specimen,* 



' Lefebvre, Les ForHs de I'Alg&te, 431 (1900). 2 jn jnnt, Deut. Vend. Ges. 191 1, pp. 286, 287. 



' Kirchner and Schroter, op. cit. 316 (1906). 



