i43<^ The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



with the trunk fluted at the base. Bark, ^ in. thick, reddish brown, shredding off in 

 long strips. Leaves of two kinds : on adult trees scale-like ; ultimate branchlets 

 very slender, ^jj in. in diameter, clothed with four ranks of leaves in opposite pairs, 

 which are imbricated, appressed but free towards the apex, ovate, acute or acuminate 

 with a short point, -^^ in. long, adnate, entire in margin ; green and glabrous on the 

 back, which is often marked with a small oval glandular depression. On older 

 branchlets the scale-leaves are broadly ovate, acute, larger, about ^ in. long, and 

 become brown and withered, ultimately disappearing in the fifth or sixth year. 

 Acicular leaves often present on occasional branches of adult trees, spreading in 

 pairs, ^ to ;j in. long, ending in a spine-tipped apex, adnate, swollen at the base, but 

 not jointed ; concave and glaucous above ; green and convex beneath. The acicular 

 leaves on seedlings and young plants are arranged in alternate whorls of threes. 



Flowers usually dioecious, rarely monoecious. Fruit ripening in one year, borne 

 at the ends of short branchlets, which are furnished with ordinary adult scale-leaves ; 

 sub-globose, but usually longer than broad, about |- in. long, bluish, covered with a 

 glaucous bloom, composed of four or six scales. Seeds, one or two, immersed in a 

 resinous flesh, ovoid, broad at the base, tapering towards the apex, smooth, shining 

 chestnut brown, with two indistinct longitudinal furrows, and with or without resin- 

 pits at the base. Seedling ^ with two ligulate cotyledons, which have no resin-canals ; 

 primary needles with one resin-canal immediately below the dorsal ridge. 



Allied Species and Varieties 



This species was formerly supposed to spread over the greater part of the North 

 American continent ; but the geographical forms of the west and south are now 

 considered by American botanists to be two distinct species. 



I. Juniperus scopulorum, Sargent, in Garden and Forest, x. 420, fig. 54 (1897), 



Silva N. Amer. xiv. 93, t. 739 (1902), and Trees N. Amer. 96 (1905). 



Juniperus excelsa, Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. ii. 647 (1814) (not Bieberstein). 



Juniperus dealbata, Loudon, in Gard. Mag. xvi. 639 (1840), and Trees and Shrubs, 1090 (1842) 



(not Douglas ^). 

 (?) Juniperus fragrans. Knight and Perry, Syn. Conif. 13 (1850); Carrifere, Conif. 57 (1855). 

 Juniperus bacciformis, Carri^re, ConiJ. 56 (1855). 

 Juniperus Henryana, Brown (Campst.), in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. ix. 377 (1868), and in Gard. Chron. 



1873, p. 8. 

 Juniperus virginiana, Linnaeus, van scopulorum, M. E. Jones, in Bull. Univ. Montana, Biol. Ser. 



No. 13, p. 12 (19 10). 

 Sabina scopulorum, Rydberg, Flora oj Colorado, 10 (1906). 



A tree about 40 ft. high and 9 ft. in girth, often divided near the base into several 

 stems. Adult foliage like that of /. virginiana, but with a disagreeable pungent 

 smell, and with stouter branchlets and leaves marked on the back by a conspicuous 

 glandular pit. Fruit ripening in the second year, globose, \ in. in diameter, bright 

 blue covered with a glaucous bloom. Seeds, two, triquetrous, reddish brown, 

 prominently angled, and with one longitudinal groove. 



This tree grows on dry rocky ridges and, except near the coast, usually at over 



1 Hill and De Fraine, in Ann. Bot. xlii. 696 (1908). 

 2 Gordon, in Gard. Chron. 1842, p. 562, states that/, dealbata, Douglas, is the same as/. «a»a,Willdenow. Cf. p. 1401, note i. 



