Juniperus i437 



5000 feet elevation, from the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains from Alberta 



to Texas, westward to the coast of British Columbia and Washington, and to eastern 



Oregon, Nevada, and northern Arizona. This species was introduced into England 



from north-western America in 1839, under the name /. dealbata, Loudon ; and 



was erroneously identified with/, occidentalis, Hooker, a species that has apparently 



never been in cultivation in this country. Soon after its introduction, J. scopulorum 



seems to have been known as J. fragrans, a name which still exists in nursery 



catalogues. It is a rare tree ; but there is a specimen at Kew, not very thriving 



and about 15 ft. high, which is labelled y. occidentalis fragrans. We obtained in 



191 1 a fruiting branch from a small plant, naim&d J. fragrans, in Dicksons' nursery, 



Chester. It is cultivated in Germany,^ at Darmstadt and at Tubingen, where it has 



borne a temperature of — 24° Cent, 



l\. Juniperus barbadensis, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1039 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et 



Frut. Brit. 2504 (1838); Mohr, U.S. Forestry Bull. No. 31, p. 37, plate ii. (1901); 



Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xiv. 89, t. 738 (1902), and Trees N. Amer. 95 (1905). 



Juniperus virginiana, Linn^us, var. ausiralis, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 28 (1847). 

 Juniperus virginiana barbadensis, Gordon, Pinetum, 114 (1858) (in part). 

 Juniperus bermudiana, Lunan, Hort. Jamaic. i. 84 (18 14) (not Linnaeus). 

 Sabina barbadensis. Small, Flora S.E. United States, 33 (1903). 



A tree, attaining 50 ft. in height and 6 ft, in girth ; branches and branchlets 

 pendulous. Adult foliage similar to that of y. virginiana, but branchlets more slender, 

 and leaves smaller, acuminate, and conspicuously marked on the back by an oblong or 

 linear oil-gland. Flowers dioecious. Fruit ripening in the first year, sub-globose, ^ to 

 \ in, in diameter, bluish with a glaucous bloom ; seeds, one or two, ovoid, pointed, ridged. 



This species occurs in inundated coastal river swamps from southern Georgia 

 southward to the Indian River, Florida; and on the west coast of Florida from 

 Charlotte Harbour to the Appalachicola River, often forming thickets under the 

 shade of larger trees. It is often planted in the cities and towns near the coast from 

 Florida to western Louisiana, and is now said to be naturalised on the Gulf Coast. 

 This species also occurs in the West Indies, in San Domingo, the Bahamas, Antigua, 

 St. Lucia,^ and the mountains of Jamaica. It appears to be now extinct in Barbadoes.^ 



The " red cedar " which grows on the northern Bahama Islands is usually referred 

 to this species, but it has lately been separated ^ as Juniperus lucayana, Britton, on 

 account of its depressed globose and somewhat laterally flattened fruit. Little is left 

 of it on account of its use formerly for construction and in more recent times for 

 making pencils. The juniper of eastern Cuba is closely related to, if not identical 

 with, that of the Bahamas,^ 



\\\. Juniperus Be dfordiana, Loudon, Trees and Shrubs, 1090(1842). 



Juniperus gracilis, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 31 (1847). 



Juniperus virginiana, Linnjeus, var, Bedfordiana, Knight, Syn. Conif. 12 (1850); Parlatore, in De 



Candolle, Frod. xvi. z, p. 489 (1868); Veitch, Man. Conif 284 (1881); Kent, Veitch's Man. 



Conif. 193 (1900). 

 Juniperus virginiana, Linnaeus, var. gracilis, Sargent, in Silva N. Amer. x. 96, note i (1896). 



1 Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 1906, p. 37, and 1908, p. 144. 

 ^ Cf. Stapf, in A'ew Bull. 191 1, p. 377. ^ Britton and Shafer, North American Trees, 121 (1908). 



