Juniperus 1 443 



library of Lord Llangattock's house, The Hendre, near Monmouth, which was 

 panelled and ceiled by Messrs. Norman and Burt, from the design of Sir Aston 

 Webb. Overmantels of this wood have been taken out of old London houses, where 

 they have been for probably two centuries, and have realised very high prices ; and 

 on account of its scent, it was a favourite wood in early Victorian times for lining 

 wardrobes, or for matchboarding bathrooms in country mansions. The roof 

 of the fine old church at Bitton, near Bath, is entirely lined with pencil cedar, 

 which was executed under Canon Ellacombe's direction, with wood purchased 

 from a ship wrecked in the Bristol Channel ; and though the odour is not 

 strong enough to be very noticeable, except in damp weather, the effect is very 

 good. 



Oil of cedar, for which there is a large demand in the United States, is distilled 

 from sawdust and other refuse of the wood, at Cedar Keys in Florida.^ The wood 

 contains as much as 4 or 5 per cent of this oil, which is used as a taenifuge. The 

 shoots ofy. virginiana are sometimes used medicinally in the United States, as a 

 substitute for the true savin, but contain considerably less essential oil.^ 



(H.J.E.) 



JUNIPERUS SABINA, Savin 



Juniperus Sabina, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1039 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Prut. Brit. iv. 2499 (1838); 



Parlatore, in De CandoUe, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 483 (1868); Bentley and Trimen, Medicinal Plants, 



iv. t. 254 (1880); Mathieu, Flore Forestiere, 518 (1897); Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. 



Mitteleurop. Flora, i. 251 (1898); Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. 189 (1900); Kirchner and 



Schroter, Lebengesch. Blutenpfl. Mitteleuropas, i. 320 (1906). 

 Sabina officinalis, Garcke, Fl. Nord- u. Mitteldeutschl. 387 (1858). 



A shrub, attaining about 15 ft. in height, with foliage of a strong and 

 disagreeable odour, and bitter to the taste. Leaves of two kinds ; on adult shrubs 

 scale-like ; ultimate branchlets very slender, tetragonal, ^ in. in diameter, clothed 

 with 4 ranks of leaves in opposite pairs, which are imbricated, appressed, ovate, 

 acute or blunt at the apex, about ^ in. long, adnate in their lower half, entire in 

 margin, rounded on the back, which usually bears an elliptic depressed resin-gland. 

 On older branchlets, the leaves are more elongated, about | in. long, acuminate, 

 becoming brown and withered in the third and fourth years. On young plants, 

 and on isolated branches of adult shrubs, the juvenile foliage is acicular, slightly 

 spreading, in opposite pairs, about \ in. long, acuminate at the apex, adnate and not 

 jointed at the base ; upper surface concave, glaucous, and with a prominent midrib ; 

 lower surface, green, convex, marked with a longitudinal depressed gland. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Fruit ripening in the autumn of the first 

 year or in the following spring, borne on the ends of short scaly recurved branchlets ; 

 irregularly globose or ovoid, about ^ in. in diameter, brownish blue, covered with a 

 glaucous bloom, composed of four to six scales, each marked with an obsolete 



1 Garden and Forest, iL 301 (1889). ^ Fluckiger and Hanbury, Pharmacographia, 628 (1879). 



