Juniperus ^445 



the acicular leaves on a few of the branchlets, in opposite pairs, slightly spreading, 

 with a longitudinal depressed gland on the back, about ^ in. long. Fruit, on 

 recurved stalks, light blue and scarcely glaucous, ^ in. in diameter, with one to 

 four seeds. 



This, which is the American form ^ of the Savin, is considered by some botanists 

 to be a distinct species. It is distributed from southern Maine to the shores of 

 Hudson Bay, and westward from Newfoundland and northern New England through 

 New York along the shores of the Great Lakes and through northern Minnesota 

 and south Dakota to the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Montana, 

 and Wyoming. The American Savin grows mainly on sandy soil, as on the seashore 

 of the Atlantic coast and on inland dunes and barrens, and thus differs remarkably 

 from the lime-loving savin of Europe. 



The American Savin is said to have been first introduced by Loddiges, who 

 called it J. hudsonica in his catalogue of 1836. The shrub cultivated as var. 

 prostrata is low and prostrate, bearing only acicular very glaucous foliage ; leaves 

 in their free part \ in. long, spreading, the glaucous bloom appearing on the dorsal 

 surface near the base ; ventral surface whitened ; branchlets of the second and third 

 year bright reddish brown, with persistent needles of the same colour. I have not 

 seen this cultivated shrub in fruit or bearing scale -like leaves; but it has the 

 disagreeable odour of the savin, and in all probability is, as reputed, of American 

 origin. Sargent states ^ that it is the hardiest and most beautiful of all the prostrate 

 junipers that can be grown in New England gardens. 



Distribution 



The Savin is widely distributed, occurring in central and southern Europe, the 

 Caucasus, and North America. It occurs mainly in Europe in extensive thickets on 

 dry rocky sunny mountain slopes ; but is also met with as undergrowth in many 

 pine forests, as those of Pinus sylvestris in the Sierra Nevada in Spain, and of 

 P. leucodermis in Herzegovina. It grows usually on limestone; but is occasionally 

 seen on other formations. In Europe it is most common in Spain and Portugal, 

 and in the Balkan peninsula. It is widely spread throughout the whole Alpine 

 mountain system, but is rare towards the north, though it is met with in the 

 Bavarian Alps and in a few stations in Switzerland. Its distribution in Russia is 

 remarkable, as it occurs in isolated spots throughout the great plain, reaching as far 

 north as the Baltic coast ; but is a mountain plant, as usual elsewhere, in the 

 Crimea and in the southern part of the Ural range. It also occurs in the Caucasus 

 and the mountains of northern Persia ; but is not met with in Asia Minor, and is 

 totally absent from northern Africa. Its occurrence in Siberia is attested by Russian 

 botanists ; but we have seen no specimens. (A. H.) 



The Savin was early introduced into England, as it is mentioned in Turner's 

 Names of Herbes, published in 1548. 



1 Rehder, in Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 850 (1900), says that it is sometimes called in America the Waukegan juniper. 



2 In Garden and Forest , x. 421 (1897). Sargent adds that the European savin, if it has ever been tried in gardens in 

 Massachusetts, has probably not proved hardy. 



