Cephalotaxus ^4^9 



natives of China, Japan, Khasi Mountains, Assam and Manipur. As none of 

 the three species in cultivation forms a tree in this country, they do not properly 

 come within the scope of our work ; but are now briefly described, owing to their 

 interest as conifers, which are frequently seen in gardens. All the three species 

 are perfectly hardy ; but succeed best in shady situations, sheltered from the wind. 

 When propagated by scions or cuttings, terminal shoots should be selected, as 

 these form regular plants with whorled branches like seedlings ; whereas cuttings 

 from lateral branches grow into irregular low spreading shrubs.^ (A. H.) 



CEPHALOTAXUS DRUPACEA 



Cephalotaxus drupacea, Siebold et Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. ii. io8 (1846), and Fl. Jap. ii. 66, 

 tt. 130 and 131 (1870); Franchet et Savatier, Enum. Fl. Jap. i. 473 (1875); Masters, in 

 Gard. Chron. xxi. 113 (1884), and xxxiii. 228, fig. 94 (1903), and Journ. Linn. Soc. {Bot.) 

 xxii. 201 (1886) and xxvi. 544 (1902); Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. 112 (1900); Shirasawa, 

 Icon. Ess. Forest. Japon, i. text 31, t xiv. figs. 1-12 (1900); Pilger, Taxacece, 100, figs. 19, 20 

 (1903); Hemsley, in JBot. Mag. 8285 (1909). 



Taxus baccata, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 275 (1784) (not Linnaeus). 



A large shrub or small tree, occasionally attaining in Japan 40 ft. in height. 

 Leaves on lateral branches pectinate, but spreading outwards usually in a V-shaped 

 arrangement and not remaining in one plane, linear, f to i^ in. long, straight or 

 falcate, tapering towards the triangular acute apex, which is often tipped with a 

 short spine-like point ; stomatic bands beneath, each composed of about thirteen to 

 fifteen lines. Staminate heads \ in. in diameter, on very short scaly stalks. Fruit 

 brown, f to i in. long, pyriform, broadest at the rounded apex, which has a circular 

 depression bearing a minute mucro, and narrowed towards the base ; kernel light 

 brown, smooth, ellipsoid, | in. long, f in. wide, rounded at the base, the two sharp 

 lateral edges in the upper half uniting into a slight apiculus at the apex. 



This species is a native of Japan and central China. In Japan,^ it is generally 

 scattered through the mountain forests, extending northward to central Hokkaido, 

 where it grows on low hills as an undershrub, 2 or 3 ft. high, of the deciduous 

 forest ; while in Hondo, where it ranges between 2000 and 3000 ft. altitude, it 

 becomes a bushy tree, averaging 25 ft. high, and occasionally attaining 40 ft,^ It 

 is known to the Japanese as Inu-gaya. In China, it has been found in the 

 mountains of Hupeh and Chekiang and in the Chusan Archipelago. 



C. drupacea was introduced by Siebold into the Botanic Garden at Leyden in 

 1829; but does not appear to have been known* in English gardens till 1844. It 



1 Cf. Rehder, in Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 276 (1900). 



' A species of Cephalotaxus, not yet determined, occurs in the mountains of Formosa at about 8000 feet altitude. Cf. 

 Hayata, m Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxv. 215 (1908). Elwes saw this as a bush without flowers or fruit on Arisan in 1912. 



» Mayr, Fremdland. Wald- u. Parkbdume, 269 (1906), says that in the warmer parts of Japan it becomes a tree, rarely 

 attaining 60 ft. in height. 



* Nicholson, Gard. Did. i. 294 (1884), gives 1844 as the date of introduction into England. It was mentioned as a 

 cultivated plant by Knight and Perry, Syn. Conif. 51 (1850), who gave for it the synonyms Taxus coriacea and Cephalotaxus 



