CASTANOPSIS 



Castanopsis, Spach, Hist. Vtg. xi. 185 (1842); Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PI. iii. 409 (1880). 

 Castanea, Endlicher, Gen. PL 275 (in part) (1836); Prantl, in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 



iii. pt. I, p. 55 (1894). 

 Callaocarpits, Miquel, PL Jungh. i. 13 (185 1). 



Trees or shrubs belonging to the order Fagacese, differing mainly from Castanea 

 in the leaves being evergreen, and the buds covered with numerous imbricated 

 scales ; moreover, a true terminal bud is formed. Leaves coriaceous, five-ranked, 

 entire or dentate. Catkins erect. Staminate flowers usually in clusters of threes, 

 in simple or branched catkins ; calyx, five- or six-partite ; stamens six to twenty. 

 Pistillate flowers, one to three, in an involucre, in simple or branched catkins or 

 scattered at the base of the staminate catkin ; calyx six-cleft, with abortive stamens ; 

 ovary three-celled, with two ovules in each cell ; styles three, each ending in a 

 minute stigma. Fruit, ripening in the second year, the spiny involucre enclosing one 

 to three nuts. Nuts ovoid or globose, angled, usually containing one seed, which 

 bears at its apex the aborted ovules. 



About thirty species of Castanopsis have been described, one of which is a 

 native of California and is the only species in cultivation. The others occur in 

 south-eastern Asia and the Malay Archipelago, extending as far north as the 

 eastern Himalayas, southern China, and Formosa. 



CASTANOPSIS CHRYSOPHYLLA 



Castanopsis chrysophylla, A. de Candolle, in Journ. Bot. i. 182 (1862), and Prod. xvi. 2, p. 109 

 (1864); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. ix. 3, t. 439 (1896), and Trees N. Amer. 223 (1905); Earl 

 ofDucie, in Gard. Chron. xx\{. 411, fig. 120 (1897); Masters, in Gard C/Jw«. xxxvi. 152, 

 fig. 59 (1904); Jepson, Silva of California, 239, plate 74 (1910). 



Castanea chrysophylla, Douglas, ex W. J. Hooker, Comp. Bot Mag. ii. 127 (1836), i7. Bor. Amer. 

 ii. 159 (1839), London Journ. Bot. ii. 496, t. r6 (1843), and Bot. Mag. t. 40.;^ (i8?6): 

 Jepson, FL W. Mid Calif 145 (1901). V 5 /, 



A tree, rarely attaining in America 120 ft. in height and 20 ft. in girth, 

 but usually smaller. Bark, i to 3 in. thick, and deeply divided by longitudinal 

 fissures into rounded scaly ridges. Young branchlets covered with yellow scurfy 

 scales. Leaves (Vol. \\\, Plate 202, Fig. 10), persistent two or three years, oblong, 

 averagmg 3 to 4 in. in length, and i to li in. in breadth, tapering at the base and 



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