66 



one end of the main island to the other was not finished, and a con- 

 siderable portion of the trip was made by boat in consequence. 



Aside, however, from the subject of working along the railroads, 

 which in Japan has not the same significance at all that it would in a 

 new country like America, I may call attention to the fact that very 

 many of my trips were across islands and into the inteidor far from 

 any railroad lines and even where foreigners had never before pene- 

 trated, so that I had the novel experience on several occasions of 

 being the first foreigner seen. I feel satisfied that my explorations 

 covered Japan sufficiently well to enable me to form a final and cor- 

 rect judgment on the San Jose scale problem in that country. The 

 explored region included the five main islands of Japan, from the 

 northermost island, Hokkaido, to the southernmost, Kyushu, and also 

 the islands of Awaji and Shikoku, rarely visited by foreigners, lying 

 to the south of the main island, both of which I crossed by jinrikisha, 

 and, in the case of the larger one, Shikoku, surmounting a high 

 mountain range. 



In my former report, which covered one-half of the time spent in 

 Japan, or some three months, and related to the investigation of some 

 thirty-five of the southern provinces, or districts, it was stated that 

 there remained to be explored the northern half of the main island 

 (Hondo) and the northern island of Hokkaido; and, furthermore, that 

 this northern region had a special interest on account of its containing 

 extensive apple orchards, which are developed on very much the same 

 lines as in America. 



The heat and moisture of midsummer in Japan renders life unen- 

 durable in the low countries, and, tiding over this period, some weeks 

 were spent in the mountain regions of central Japan, dividing the 

 time between Niko, Chuzenji, and Yumoto, places having elevations 

 respectively of 2,000, 4,500, and 5,000 feet. From these different 

 places side excursions were made. The whole region covered is a 

 mountainous one and of wild forest areas, the cultivated portion being 

 of small amount — mere garden patches in the villages. In this region 

 also are great imperial domains or forest reserves, and in one of these 

 is a summer palace of the imperial family. Over three weeks were 

 spent in these mountains and a careful study was made of the district 

 from an entomological standpoint. Insects of all kinds were very few 

 in numbers, and scale insects were practically wanting. The fruit 

 trees and flowering trees grown in the private yards and small gar- 

 dens, comprising such plants as mulberry, cherry, plum, and peach, 

 were often examined, but not a single scale insect was discovered. 

 The absence of such insects is doubtless to be accounted for by the 

 climate. In this elevated region it is cool in summer and very cold 

 in winter, and during the summer months the rainy season normal to 

 the period is much intensified by the mountains catching the rain- 



