72 



apple and pear trees badly infested with scale. It was learned that 

 this stock was obtained from the infested nursery near Kobe, which 

 has been the chief source of San Jose scale distribution in southern 

 Japan. Undoubtedly in this case the old native tree had been infested 

 from this new stock. Confirming this inference is the fact that in 

 the grounds of the experiment station, a mile or two distant from the 

 college, and where no new fruit stock had been introduced, were a 

 number of these old native pear trees all absolutely free from this 

 scale insect. It may be added that both the college and experiment 

 station are of recent establishment, and the old pear trees referred to 

 were the remains of stock growing about the old Japanese farm 

 houses prior to the purchase of the land for the college and experi- 

 mental farms. The other instance was on the island of Shikoku, just 

 outside of the city of Takamatsu, where a single old native pear tree 

 growing in the yard of a farm house was found infested with San Jose 

 scale. No young orchards or new plantings immediately about these 

 premises were observed, which, however, did not prove that there 

 were or had been none such. But in the old Daimyo Park, attached 

 to the city not half a mile distant, was a lot of infested peach stock 

 from the Kobe nursery referred to above. In every other instance 

 where the San Jose scale was found on native trees there was new 

 stock in the immediate vicinity to account for the infestation. Of 

 even greater significance is the fact that in the great majority of 

 instances such old native pear trees in dooryards throughout Japan 

 were free from the San Jose scale and yet practically always bore a 

 few specimens, at least, of a native Parlatoria and a native Mytilaspis. 

 If the San Jose scale were native in Japan it should also have occurred 

 with the scale insects just named.** 



While freeing Japan from the onus of having given the San Jose 

 scale to the world, the investigations up to this stage left the problem 

 unsettled as to the original home of this insect. Australia and the 

 adjacent islands seemed to be in the same condition relative to the San 

 Jose scale as Japan, namely, there is but little doubt that it has come 

 into these countries on foreign stock in recent years. China remained, 

 therefore, the only probable place of origin. In Yokohama and else- 

 where I was fortunate enough to meet a number of English, American, 

 and German residents of China who were spending the summer months 

 in Japan, and from them I was able to get what is not given in anj- of 



oEelative to the recent introduction of tiie San Jose scale into Japan, it is inter- 

 esting to note that Mr. Albert Koebele in 1895 spent several months in Japan, and 

 failed absolutely to find the San Jose scale anywhere, and all of us who know Mr. 

 Koebele will understand what this means, because no better collector of insects in 

 general, and of scale insects in particular, than Mr. Koebele has ever lived. This 

 is simply confirmatory evidence (if such be needed) of the recent spread of this scale 

 insect throughout Japan. 



