334 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION REPORT, I907-I908. 



working downward as far as possible before winter. Though 

 inactive during the cold weather, it again begins operations in the 

 spring, and burrows in the sapwood throughout the season, 

 becoming about half-grown by the second winter. As it increases 

 in size it does more and more damage to the tree because it is more 

 voracious and active and makes larger turmels through the wood. 

 The next summer, when about three-fourths grown, it tunnels 

 into the solid wood of the tree, and as it becomes full-grown 

 works its way outward to the bark, making a circular hole as 

 shown on Plate XVI. Remaining in the burrow imchanged 

 through the winter, the larva transforms to a pupa in the spring 

 and the beetle appears during the summer. About three years 

 are therefore required for the complete transformations of this 

 insect. Where several larvae are at work in the same tree they 

 often girdle and kill it. The larva is white, with brown head 

 and black jaws, and is about one inch long when full-grown. 

 Usually the burrows are partially filled with particles of wood 

 or castings from the excavations, and the pupating chamber is 

 made of this material. Some of the castings are crowded or 

 thrown out of the burrow, and form the principal evidence of 

 the presence of the insect. This beetle and its work is shown 

 on Plate XVI, where about twenty large galleries were made in 

 the wood of the trunk of a quince tree. 



Many remedies have been tried but most orchardists prefer 

 to watch their trees and dig out the borers with a knife when 

 found. Sometimes carbon bisulphide can. be injected into the 

 burrow from an oil can and the opening stopped with clay, soap, 

 or wax, and the borer inside will be killed. External washes 

 and other applications are of somewhat doubtful value, and the 

 painting of the trunks is liable to cause great injury to the trees. 

 Covering the base of the trunk with arsenate of lead may be 

 of some value in keeping out borers, but this has not yet been 

 thoroughly tested. It will adhere for a long time. 



MISCELLANEOUS INSECT NOTES. 



Pine Leaf Scale on Hemlock. On October 23d the writer 

 examined a hemlock tree on the estate of the late J. M. Greist 

 in Westville which was said to be dying. Several branches on 



