32 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 198 



The more serious enemies of birds should be discourag-ed, es- 

 pecially at breeding: time. Hawks, crows, jays, squirrels and cats 

 need to be shot in nearly every case where they are found to be 

 molesting' valuable birds. 



MIGRATION RECORDS OF BIRDS. 



In the Appendix, pp. i-v, are given the dates on which a large 

 number of our feathered friends have been observed at Wooster, 

 and by reference to it, the reader can readily determine what species 

 of birds he is likely to encounter at any time in spring. 



INSECT PARASITES AND DISEASES OF INSECTS. 



Were it not that the insect household is divided against itself, 

 parasitic and predaceous forms constantly destroying- both near and 

 distant kindred, all vegetation would be consumed in a few months 

 and the human race would as quickly perish. Bacterial and fungous 

 diseases are often exceedingly important checks upon the excessive 

 multiplication of insects. A good Manual of Economic Entomology, 

 such as Smith's (published by J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia), 

 will give valuable assistance in recognizing such helpers. 



FARM TREATMENT. 

 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO VARIOUS GRASSES AND GRAINS. 



MARCH-APRIL. 



The Chinch Bug, BUssus leucopterus, hibernates during winter 

 under old boards and rubbish or in trash or grass around the 

 borders of old fields, especially wheat fields. Such borders should 

 be carefully burned over in very early spring in infested districts if 

 such work was neglected in fall and winter. 



Grasshoppers lay their eggs in compact ground, especially along 

 roadsides and in the uncultivated borders of fields. Bare, high, 

 sandy ground and closely grazed pasture land, is especially resorted 

 to for egg-laying. The eggs are laid in the fall in masses of about 

 thirty, about an inch beneath the surface of the ground, in pod-like 

 cavities. Disking the land in early spring before hatching time will 

 destroy most of the eggs. The young hatch from about the middle 

 of April to the middle of May in Ohio, depending upon the forward- 

 ness or the. backwardness of the season. The young nymphs may be 

 be poisoned with bran mash, (see p. 78) or oftentimes destroyed by 

 burning. If the stubble or rubbish on the ground is insufficient to 



