40 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 198 



fruit crop by destruction of the bloom buds. Later, the caterpillars 

 tie the leaves together, forming conspicuous nests. As soon as the 

 leaf tips appear in the buds, spray with an arsenical. Spray again in 

 about a week or ten days, just before the blossoms open. This second 

 spraying will serve as the first for canker-worm. Spray a third time 

 just after the blossoms fall. This last spraying, which usually comes 

 in May, will make the second for canker worms and the first for 

 codling moth. The budworm will not appear in numbers demanding 

 treatment, if for any reason the trees were sprayed in winter or 

 spring with the lime-sulfur wash. 



The eggs of the Spring Canker Worm, Paleacrita vernata, hatch 

 some time in April in ordinary seasons and are most readily killed 

 by spraying, if the application is made while they are young. Spray 

 with arsenate of lead or Paris green in Bordeaux mixture, as soon as 

 the leaves are expanded. The second spraying coincides with the 

 first for codling moth and should be given i ust after the petals fall. 

 Where spraying for codling worm is regularly practiced, it is usually 

 unnecessary to give any attention to canker worms. In case the 

 Fall Canker Worm, Also;philafometaria, is present, and banding in 

 the fall was neglected, spraying as for the spring canker worm is 

 the right procedure. The eggs of the fall insect hatch coincidentally 

 with those of its spring relative. The larvae of both species are loopers 

 or measuring worms, greenish or brownish in color, vidth pale or 

 yellowish stripes. When grown, the caterpillars swing to the ground 

 by means of silken threads and, while thus suspended in air, if 

 numerous, are a great annoyance to persons obliged to pass beneath 

 the trees. When disturbed, they lower and raise themselves in 

 similar fashion. 



The Pistol Case Bearer, Coleoj>hora malivorella, and the Cigar 

 Case Bearer, Coleofhot a fletchei ella, attack the buds as soon as they 

 begin to open and often burrow into them and eat out their entire 

 contents, leaving only empty shells. At this time, the cases are 

 about an eighth of an inch long, and are pistol-shaped and colored like 

 the bark with the first species, more flattened and lighter colored 

 with the second. Later, the caterpillars eat holes into the young 

 fruit and make incisions in the skin of the leaves, through which 

 they protrude their bodies from their casfes and work like leaf miners, 

 consuming the pulp between the two skins, leaving only the skeleton 

 of the leaves. They do not leave their cases, while feeding, but pro- 

 trude enough of their bodies tl2 rough the cut they have made in the 

 epidermis to enable them to mine out an irregular area around the 

 opening. They construct new and larger cases in the latter part of 

 May and continue feeding until the latter part of June when pupa- 

 tion occurs. Treatment is exactly the same as for the bud-worm, 

 both as to time of application and materials to use. 



