SPRING PRACTICE IN ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY. 47 



shot; by spreading a sheet beneath the tree to catch them as they 

 fall, they may be swept up and emptied into a pail containing water 

 and kerosene. Of limited application is the dislodgment of the 

 TiTorms by means of hydrant water conducted through a hose. 

 SVhen the worms are dislodged without being destroyed, trees liable 

 to their attacks should be protected against their ascent by means of 

 sticky bands, such as are used against the female canker worm 

 moth. Similar bands should be used to protect orchards against 

 threatened invasion from the forest. The remarks regarding the 

 use of arsenicals against the preceding species, apply here. 



During the months of March, April and May two or three 

 species of moths {Xylina spp.) closely resembling the more com- 

 mon types of cutworm n:oths are nocturnal frequenters of sugar 

 camps and come readily to sweetened baits. These lay the eggs 

 which hatch a little later, and grow into large, light yellowish or 

 apple green caterpillars, with a narrow cream colored stripe down 

 the middle of their backs, a wide cream colored stripe along each 

 of their sides, and many similarly colored mottlings or spots which 

 sometimes form quite distinct stripes along the bodies above the 

 broad lateral stripeS. These worms feed upon the foliage of the 

 apple and of various forest trees. They are known as FETnx worms 

 from their habit of eating into young fruit. The cavity eaten out 

 by one of them often exceeds in bulk the remnant of the fruit which 

 is left. A single caterpillar has been known to destroy six out of 

 eight quinces that were to be found on a tree. Their favorite fruit 

 is the apple, but nearly all of the orchard and small fruits are subject 

 to attack. Before the fruit is set, the caterpillars feed on the leaves 

 and buds, hence, spraying before blossoming time with an arsenical 

 spray, would seem to promise a certain degree of immunity from 

 later damage. After fruiting begins, these worms can hardly be 

 controlled by poisons and the only remedy that has been suggested 

 is to take advantage of their habit of dropping to the ground when 

 they are suddenly jarred, and fight them with the jarring method 

 as if thfey were curculios. On young trees, the jarring method works 

 very well, but is hardly practicable on old, large trees. 



The Codling Moth, Carpocafsa fomonella, appears about the 

 date the blossoms begin to fall and lays its eggs on the skin of the 

 young fruit, on the leaves, and occasionally on the twigs. These 

 eggs hatch in about a week and 80 percent, or more, of the young 

 worms enter the apples at the blossom end. Each caterpillar 

 remains for several days in the calyx cup, after which it eats its 

 way to the core. It becomes full grown in early summer. A spray- 

 ing with arsenate of lead, or other similar poison, should be given 



