52 



OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 198 



yellowish before hatching. If weather is cool at hatching time, the 

 young remain sheltered beneath the scales until warm weather 

 supervenes. Then they emerge as whitish, crawling specks and 

 settle, preferably near the buds, but, in case of bad infestation, over 

 the young wood, the larger limbs, and finally on the trunk wherever 

 the bark is smooth enough to give them lodgement. As soon as 

 the young are observed crawling over the bark in numbers, which 

 in southern Ohio will probably be during the latter part of May, 

 spray thoroughly with whale oil soap, one pound dissolved in five 

 gallons of water, or with kerosene emulsion, one part of emulsion to 

 nine parts of water. At this period, two sprayings ten days apart 

 should practically control this insect. In central or northern Ohio, 

 the hatching period, or at least a portion of it, is thrown over into 

 June, the summer period, 



GENERAL PROGRAM OF TREATMENT FOR THE APPLE. * 



When to spray 



(Special) 



Late February or in 



March. 



(Special) 



Early spring- before 



buds break. 



For what to spray 



Canker worms. 



San Jose scale,, oyster- 

 shell scale, scurfy scale. 



With what to spray 



Band trees with tree 

 tanglefoot, cotton, 

 printer's ink, or wire 

 g-auze collars. 



Lime-sulfur wash or 

 soluble oil. 



Kemarks 



Useful in old orchards 

 which have not been r^- 

 ularly sprayed. Gires 

 quicker results than 

 spraying-. Not necessary 

 when spraying is regu- 

 larly practiced- 



Not necessary 

 scale is present. 



unless 



(Special) 



Just as buds are 



swelling to break. 



Bud worms and case- 

 worms. 



Arsenate of lead or 

 other arsenical. 



Not needed unless the in- 

 sects are present. 



(Special) 



J ust as the green 

 tips of the first leaves 

 burst from the buds. 



Bud -worms, case bear- 

 ers, canker worms, tent 

 caterpillars, leaf rollers, 

 and other leaf-eating in- 

 sects. Also fftr scab, 

 canker and leaf spot. 



Arsenate of lead or 

 other arsenical i n 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



Same as above. 



* 1 Just before the 

 blossoms open. 



For curculio, leaf-eating 

 insects, scab and leaf 



spot. 



Same as above. 



Generally considered the 

 most important applica- 

 tion for the control of 

 scab. 



2 3 ust after the 

 blossoms fall. 



For insects and diseases 

 listed under 1 and cod- 

 ling worm. 



Same as above . 



The most important ap- 

 plication for the contifl 

 of codling worm and 

 nearly as important as 1 

 for scab. 



3 Ten to fifteen 

 days after 2. 



For insects and diseases- 

 listed under 2 and bitter 

 rot. 



Same as above. 



Best results with codling 

 worm will be obtained if 

 this spraj'ing is made 

 about ten days after 2. 



(Special) 



Late May or early 



June. 



Scurfy scale and oyster 

 shell scale. 



Kerosene emulsion, 

 whale oil soap or sol- 

 uble oil. 



Spray when young scales 

 a re observed crawling in 

 numbers over the bark. 



4 About second to 

 last week in July. 



For scab, bitter rot, 

 sooty blotch, fly speck, 

 second brood of codling 

 worm and other insects 

 and diseases. 



Arsenate of lead or 

 other arsenical in 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



Often important ag-alnst 

 codling worm and fun- 

 gous diseases. Arsenate 

 of lead is less likely to 

 burn fruit stems and 

 thereby cause falling 

 than other arsenicals. 



a,^J^■^1*^! numbered treatments are necessary and should be given every year at the times indicated 

 Special treatments are not necessary except for the pests ^n<^. <[^?^_^s,=/r^^r,1^•i.-,^ - maicaxea. 



