58 OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 198 



During the winter months and in early spring' the larvae of 

 several species of Soft Scales, as Eulecanium nigroj-asciatum, Eule- 

 canium armeniacum, E. persicae, and E. frunastri, are attached to the 

 limbs and twigs, usually on the under side. At this time, they 

 are sometimes quite flat and scale-like, again are more rounded and 

 blister-like, approaching a hemispherical form. They are usually 

 brown, reddish-brown, or blackish in color. As the spring months 

 advance, the scales enlarge and become more rounded in form. 

 Myriads of eggs in the shape of a whitish powder are laid beneath 

 the bodies of the scales in late spring or early summer. The best 

 remedy is kerosene emulsion, one part of emulsion to six parts of 

 water, used as a spray before the trees have awakened from their 

 dormant condition. Or, instead, use whale oil soap, one pound in one 

 gallon of water. The lime-sulfur sprays have not proved very useful 

 against these scales. If early treatment was neglected, spray with 

 whale oil soap, one pound in seven or eight gallons of water, when the 

 the young are observed to be hatching and crawling over the bark. 

 Two treatments about a week apart will generally be advisable. 



The following insects attacking apple, also attack plum. Refer 

 to the apple section for information regarding treatment: 



Spring Canker Worm, Paleactita vernata. See page 39, 40. 

 Fall Canker Worm, Ahofhila -pometaria. See page 40. 

 San Jose Scale, Asfidiotus -perniciosus. See page 39. 

 Eye Spotted Bud Moth, Tmetocera ocellana . See page 39. 

 Aphids, {.Phorodon humuli. Aphis f runt, etc.) See page 41. 

 Leaf Crumpler, Mmeola tndigenella. See page 42. 



Refer to the peach section for treatment for Peach Borer, San- 

 ninoidea exitiosa. See page 63. 



Refer to apple section for these: 

 Apple Tree Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma americana. See 

 page 46. 



Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria. See page 46. 



Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar. See page SO. 

 While spraying, as pointed out in the apple section, is the most 

 practicable remedy for curculio in large orchards, the jarring 

 method IS preferred by some where the orchards are small. When 

 alarmed by a sudden jar, the curculio will drop from the tree \o the 

 ground as if dead and remain motionless, "playing possum" for 

 quite an interval. Spread sheets on the ground beneath the' trees 

 and then hit the trunks a sharp blow with a wooden 



