10 



Insects upon the bark of trunk or branches — Continued. 



In a case or bag hanging from twigs Bagworm. 



Clusters of eggs on bark Cankerworius, tussock inoth, and gipsy moth. 



A belt of eggs around twigs Apple-tree tent caterpillar. 



Single small blackish eggs often in groups on twigs or branches Plant-lice. 



Smaller reddish eggs : Clover mite. 



Insects beneath the bark: 



Tiny holes usually near a crotch, each covered by a bit of frass Peach 



twig-borer. 



Small brown beetle within the twig Apple twig-borer. 



Small holes in bark of trunk or larger branches Fruit-tree bark-beetle. 



A gummy exudation of sap at base of tree Peach tree-borer. 



Discolored spots or cracks and evidences of frass Round-headed and 



flat-headed apple tree-borers, and sinuate pear borer. 



tabuIjAr statement of insects feeding on the btids and 



YOTJNG leaves IN EABLT SPRING. 



Feeding on the buds or young shoots Bud worm, peach twig-borer, leaf-crumpler, 



brown-tail moth, pistol-case and cigar-case bearers. 

 Feeding upon the leaves: 



Plant-lice Apple plant-lice, plum plant-louse, and cherry aphis. 



Caterpillars in tents Apple-tree tent caterpillar. 



Hairy caterpillars Tussock moth, brown-tail moth, gipsy moth. 



Bare caterpillars Canker worms. 



A blister or gall upon leaves Pesir-leaf blister-mite. 



Small caterpillars within little cases .Pistol-case bearer, cigar-case bearer, 



leaf-crumpler, and bagworm. 



HEMIPTERA (BUGS, SCALE INSECTS, AND PLANT-LICE). 



The members of this order obtain their food (which is liquid) by 

 sucking it up a slender tube into the mouth cavity. This tube or 

 beak is composed of several needle-like pieces so shaped and arranged 

 that they inclose a minute channel up which the liquid food is drawn. 

 The beak is inserted in the plant often to some distance beneath the 

 surface. The members of this order do not pass through a pupal or 

 chrysalis stage like the butterflies and moths, but there is an approach 

 to it in the males of the scale insects. The insects of this order to be 

 treated are arranged in four families, which may be separated, for 

 our purposes, as follows: 



The insect from above apparently without legs, antenna, or wings, and fixed to the 



host plant; the adult male (not often seen) usually has two wings Coccidffi. 



(scale insects). 

 The insect shows distinct legs and antennse, and often four wings. 



M(jst of the specimens wingless, and provided with two small tubes or cornicles 



(8ee flg. 16) near tip of body; not hopping when disturbed Aphidida 



(plant-lice). 

 Adult always winged, without the cornicles; hopping when disturbed. 



The prothorax not enlarged, with hyaline wings Psyllidre. 



The prothorax greatly enlarged; wings obscured Membracid»! 



